The management ofBabesia, amoeba and other zoonotic diseases provoked by protozoa

Cloning, expression, and purification of an α-carbonic anhydrase from Toxoplasma gondii to unveil its kinetic parameters and anion inhibition profile.

“…However, this is a highly significant data, since the k cat /K M of 1.34x 10 7 M −1 x s −1 of Tg_CA means that more than10 millions CO 2 molecules are being converted each second to bicarbonate, by an enzyme molecule. This is probably crucial for the pathogen, both for regulating pH and for metabolic or CO 2 sensing processes 32 , which are very much involved in the life cycle, virulence and pathogenesis mechanisms of T. gondii . Developing more effective antiprotozoal drugs is quite challenging 69–72 , due to the unknown phenomenon related to the various phase cycles of such pathogens and the difficulty to grow some of them in laboratory cultures for developing new drugs.…”

“…Numerous potential drug targets have emerged, encompassing pathways like electron transport, fatty acid synthesis, isoprenoid synthesis, calcium signalling, and gene expression control 27–31 . Among these potential targets lies a superfamily of metalloenzymes called carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) 32–34 . They catalyse the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to bicarbonate ions (HCO 3 – ) and protons (H + ) 35 .…”

“…These findings corroborate the hypothesis that CA from T. gondii , similar to TcCA, might play a role in providing bicarbonate for crucial enzymatic reactions within the protozoan. The most noteworthy discovery made by the Capasso and Supuran groups was the identification of a gene within the T. gondii genome that encodes a protein, whose amino acid C-terminal part resembled a CA belonging to the α-CA class 32 . In this context, the C-terminal part of the CA from T. gondii , referred to as Tg_CA, was synthesised, and heterologously expressed through recombinant DNA technology.…”

Awareness and Community Engagement in Zoonotic Disease Management

“…Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease that spreads through direct contact with infectious secretions from primates as well as person-to-person transmission (Tajudeen et al 2023). Common mechanisms of transmission for intestinal pathogenic zoonotic diseases include fecal-oral transmission, contaminated food or water, and person-to-person contact (Capasso and Supuran 2023). Monkeypox, a zoonotic disease, has no definitive mechanism of transmission, but sexual contact may be a primary mode of infection (Hazra and Cherabie 2023).…”