The Management of High‐risk Lymphoblastic Leukaemia in Children

Outcome of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children with AL90 regimen: Impact of response to treatment and sex difference on prognostic factors

“…In both groups, there was no difference in the EFS rates between the two subgroups classi®ed by other risk factors, indicating that the patient strati®cation in our study was reasonable. With the recent advance of cytogenetic and molecular analysis, however, some subsets of patients including Ph1-positive leukemia and ALL with t(4;11) should be treated as the highest risk category in future studies [17], because one patient with Ph1 chromosome received only modest intensive therapy identical to the IR group in the present study.…”

“…However, the prognostic importance of gender in the high-risk group is overshadowed by the actual number of boys in the group with high-risk ALL. In many trials with dose-intensive therapy for highrisk ALL, gender no longer remains a signi®cant pro-gnostic factor [17]. To improve the outcome of boys equally with girls in high-risk ALL, several strategies should be considered.…”

Transplantation Conditioning Regimens and Outcomes after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Children and Adolescents with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

“…(1-3) Transplant conditioning regimens often consist of total body irradiation (TBI), doses ranging from 1000 – 1400 cGy, with one or more chemotherapeutic agents. Although developed on empirical observations the standard conditioning regimen is cyclophosphamide (Cy, 120mg/kg and TBI, 1200cGy).…”

Outcomes after HLA-matched sibling transplantation or chemotherapy in children with B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a second remission: a collaborative study of the Children's Oncology Group and the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Over 70% of relapses occur within 3 years from diagnosis and most involve the bone marrow alone or together with extramedullary involvement. 4 The likelihood of achieving and sustaining a second clinical remission (CR) is influenced by duration of first CR, site of relapse, and immunophenotype.…”