The management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Current expert opinion and recommendations derived from the 24th ESMO/World Congress on Gastrointestinal Cancer, Barcelona, 2022

Ducreux, Michel; Abou‐Alfa, Ghassan K.; Bekaii‐Saab, Tanios; Berlin, Jordan; Baère, Thierry De; Eng, Charis; Galle, Peter R.; Gill, Sharlene; Gruenberger, Thomas; Haustermans, Karin; Lamarca, Ángela; Laurent-Puig, P.; Llovet, Josep M.; Lordick, F.; Macarulla, Teresa; Mukherji, Deborah; Muro, Kei; Obermannová, Radka; O’Connor, Juan Manuel; O'Reilly, Eileen Mary; Österlund, Pia; Philip, P. A.; Prager, G.; Ruiz‐García, Erika; Sangro, Bruno; Seufferlein, Thomas; Tabernero, Josep; Verslype, Chris; Wasan, Harpreet; Cutsem, Éric Van

doi:10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101567

Cited by 32 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…In cirrhotic patients with hepatic nodules larger than 10 mm, the experts recommend 2 or more imaging techniques for HCC diagnosis[ 56 , 57 ]. In suspected lesions smaller than 20 mm, a histology conformation is mandatory.…”

Section: Liver Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition for the diagnosis of focal liver lesion

Tantău,

Sutac,

Pop

et al. 2024

World J Radiol

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In patients with liver tumors, the histopathology examination can assist in diagnosis, staging, prognosis, and therapeutic management strategy. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided tissue acquisition using fine needle aspiration (FNA) or more newly fine needle biopsy (FNB) is a well-developed technique in order to evaluate and differentiate the liver masses. The goal of the EUS-FNA or EUS-FNB is to provide an accurate sample for a histopathology examination. Therefore, malignant tumors such as hepatocarcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma and liver metastasis or benign tumors such as liver adenoma, focal hyperplastic nodular tumors and cystic lesions can be accurately diagnosed using EUS-guided tissue acquisition. EUS-FNB using 19 or 22 Ga needle provide longer samples and a higher diagnostic accuracy in patients with liver masses when compared with EUS-FNA. Few data are available on the diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNB when compared with percutaneously, ultrasound, computer tomography or transjugulary-guided liver biopsies. This review will discuss the EUS-guided tissue acquisition options in patients with liver tumors and its efficacy and safety in providing accurate samples. The results of the last studies comparing EUS-guided liver biopsy with other conventional techniques are presented. The EUS-guided tissue acquisition using FNB can be a suitable technique in suspected liver lesions in order to provide an accurate histopathology diagnosis, especially for those who require endoscopy.

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Section: Liver Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In suspected lesions smaller than 20 mm, a histology conformation is mandatory. The European guidelines recommend histology confirmations only in patients with nodules smaller than 20 mm with a value of alpha feto-protein under 200 ng/mL and without a pathognomonic vascularization pattern at imaging assessment[ 56 , 57 ].…”

Section: Liver Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition for the diagnosis of focal liver lesion

Tantău,

Sutac,

Pop

et al. 2024

World J Radiol

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“…Projections indicate a concerning increase in this malignancy worldwide, with an expected 55% increase in new cases between 2020 and 2040, resulting in 1.4 million diagnoses by 2040. There is consensus that HCC will remain a significant and challenging global public health problem for years to come ( 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A compelling risk factor for the development of this malignancy is the presence of cirrhosis due to various liver diseases, a condition observed in over 80% of HCC patients ( 2 ). Other documented etiologies include metabolic abnormalities such as α1-antitrypsin deficiency, hemochromatosis, and autoimmune disorders ( 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Akbulut,

Aru,

Aydın

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Despite advances in cancer treatment, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common form of liver cancer, remains a major public health problem worldwide. The immune microenvironment plays a critical role in regulating tumor progression and resistance to therapy, and in HCC, the tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by an abundance of immunosuppressive cells and signals that facilitate immune evasion and metastasis. Recently, anti-cancer immunotherapies, therapeutic interventions designed to modulate the immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer, have become an important cornerstone of cancer therapy. Immunotherapy has demonstrated the ability to improve survival and provide durable cancer control in certain groups of HCC patients, while reducing adverse side effects. These findings represent a significant step toward improving cancer treatment outcomes. As demonstrated in clinical trials, the administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly in combination with anti-angiogenic agents and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, has prolonged survival in a subset of patients with HCC, providing an alternative for patients who progress on first-line therapy. In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of HCC and the role of the immune system in its development, and to summarize the findings of clinical trials involving ICIs, either as monotherapies or in combination with other agents in the treatment of the disease. Challenges and considerations regarding the administration of ICIs in the treatment of HCC are also outlined.

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“…Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer because it includes up to 85% of cases, with a disappointing prognosis and long-term survivorship, despite a multimodal, aggressive, medical/surgical approach[ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel prognostic factors after radical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma: Updating an old issue

Bencini

2024

World J Gastrointest Surg

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In this editorial, I comment on the article by Li et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery in 2023, investigating the role of some novel prognostic factors for early survival after radical resection of liver cancer. Liver cancer is an important burden among Asian and Western populations, despite recent advances in both medicine (from virus eradication to systemic target therapies) and surgery. However, survival after proven radical surgery remains poor, with recurrences being the rule. Many prognostic scores have been developed and validated to select those patients who will best benefit from radical liver surgery, although the final general and oncological outcomes continue to be highly jeopardized. Unfortunately, no single biomarker can resolve all these issues for hepatocellular carcinoma, and it remains to be proven whether some of them maintain predictive power in the long-term follow-up. In the ongoing era of “precision” medicine, the novel prognostic markers, including immune inflammatory and nutritional indexes could be of great help in better stratify surgical candidates.

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The management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Current expert opinion and recommendations derived from the 24th ESMO/World Congress on Gastrointestinal Cancer, Barcelona, 2022

Cited by 32 publications

References 77 publications

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition for the diagnosis of focal liver lesion

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition for the diagnosis of focal liver lesion

Immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Novel prognostic factors after radical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma: Updating an old issue

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