The mammalian major histocompatibility complex

Tizard, Ian R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95219-4.00011-3

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Type I hypersensitivity reactions are the most common and occur when allergens cross-link immunoglobulin E (IgE) molecules that are bound to mast cells and basophils. Such cross-linking triggers the degranulation of these cells and the immediate release of histamines and heparin, followed by generation and release of prostaglandins and leukotrienes [ 24 , 25 ]. This results in increased vascular permeability, tissue edema, cutaneous pruritus, and bronchial smooth muscle contraction.…”

Section: Hypersensitivity Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline Injection-Site Sarcoma and Other Adverse Reactions to Vaccination in Cats

Hartmann¹,

Egberink

Möstl

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Vaccine-associated adverse events (VAAEs), including feline injection-site sarcomas (FISSs), occur only rarely but can be severe. Understanding potential VAAEs is an important part of informed owner consent for vaccination. In this review, the European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD), a scientifically independent board of feline medicine experts, presents the current knowledge on VAAEs in cats, summarizing the literature and filling the gaps where scientific studies are missing with expert opinion to assist veterinarians in adopting the best vaccination practice. VAAEs are caused by an aberrant innate or adaptive immune reaction, excessive local reactions at the inoculation site, an error in administration, or failure in the manufacturing process. FISS, the most severe VAAE, can develop after vaccinations or injection of other substances. Although the most widely accepted hypothesis is that chronic inflammation triggers malignant transformation, the pathogenesis of FISS is not yet fully understood. No injectable vaccine is risk-free, and therefore, vaccination should be performed as often as necessary, but as infrequently as possible. Vaccines should be brought to room temperature prior to administration and injected at sites in which FISS surgery would likely be curative; the interscapular region should be avoided. Post-vaccinal monitoring is essential.

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Section: Hypersensitivity Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline Injection-Site Sarcoma and Other Adverse Reactions to Vaccination in Cats

Hartmann¹,

Egberink

Möstl

et al. 2023

Viruses

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“…To cope with the variability of pathogens, some of immunity‐related (IR) genes involved in antigen presentation and recognition have developed a high degree of polymorphism. The complex organization of specific IR regions allowed an accumulation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which, combined with the expansion of some genes and their copy number variation, increases the potential of effective recognition of non‐self molecules 2 . In this context, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) encoding antigen presenting molecules is the most complex and the most polymorphic region of the immunogenome 3 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The complex organization of specific IR regions allowed an accumulation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which, combined with the expansion of some genes and their copy number variation, increases the potential of effective recognition of non-self molecules. 2 In this context, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) encoding antigen presenting molecules is the most complex and the most polymorphic region of the immunogenome. 3 The genetic diversity of the MHC is associated with different physiological as well as pathological phenotypes in humans and in other mammalian species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and natural killer cell receptor (NKR) genes and their interactions in domestic horses

Bubenikova,

Plasil,

Futas

et al. 2024

HLA

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The immunogenome is the part of the genome that underlies immune mechanisms and evolves under various selective pressures. Two complex regions of the immunogenome, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and natural killer cell receptor (NKR) genes, play an important role in the response to selective pressures of pathogens. Their importance is expressed by their genetic polymorphism at the molecular level, and their diversity associated with different types of diseases at the population level. Findings of associations between specific combinations of MHC/NKR haplotypes with different diseases in model species suggest that these gene complexes did not evolve independently. No such associations have been described in horses so far. The aim of the study was to detect associations between MHC and NKR gene/microsatellite haplotypes in three horse breed groups (Camargue, African, and Romanian) by statistical methods; chi‐square test, Fisher's exact test, Pearson's goodness‐of‐fit test and logistic regression. Associations were detected for both MHC/NKR genes and microsatellites; the most significant associations were found between the most variable KLRA3 gene and the EQCA‐1 or EQCA‐2 genes. This finding supports the assumption that the KLRA3 is an important receptor for MHC I and that interactions of these molecules play important roles in the horse immunity and reproduction. Despite some limitations of the study such as low numbers of horses or lack of knowledge of the selected genes functions, the results were consistent across different statistical methods and remained significant even after overconservative Bonferroni corrections. We therefore consider them biologically plausible.

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The mammalian major histocompatibility complex

Cited by 2 publications

References 42 publications

Feline Injection-Site Sarcoma and Other Adverse Reactions to Vaccination in Cats

Feline Injection-Site Sarcoma and Other Adverse Reactions to Vaccination in Cats

Diversity of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and natural killer cell receptor (NKR) genes and their interactions in domestic horses

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