The Mammalian Circadian Timing System: Synchronization of Peripheral Clocks

Saini, Camille; Suter, David M.; Liani, André; Gos, Pascal; Schibler, Ulrich

doi:10.1101/sqb.2011.76.010918

Cited by 76 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…If the latter were true, maintenance of such heterogeneity would represent an issue important in stem cell biology. Normal peripheral circadian oscillators are entrained to a particular phase by a wealth of direct and indirect timing cues from the environment and from physiology (Saini et al, 2011). Escape from such entrainment could be envisioned in a variety of ways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian clock-mediated control of stem cell division and differentiation: beyond night and day

Brown

2014

Development

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A biological 'circadian' clock conveys diurnal regulation upon nearly all aspects of behavior and physiology to optimize them within the framework of the solar day. From digestion to cardiac function and sleep, both cellular and systemic processes show circadian variations that coincide with diurnal need. However, recent research has shown that this same timekeeping mechanism might have been co-opted to optimize other aspects of development and physiology that have no obvious link to the 24 h day. For example, clocks have been suggested to underlie heterogeneity in stem cell populations, to optimize cycles of cell division during wound healing, and to alter immune progenitor differentiation and migration. Here, I review these circadian mechanisms and propose that they could serve as metronomes for a surprising variety of physiologically and medically important functions that far exceed the daily timekeeping roles for which they probably evolved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian clock-mediated control of stem cell division and differentiation: beyond night and day

Brown

2014

Development

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“…Therefore, changes in core body temperature may be one cause of the widespread disruption of circadian rhythmicity. In addition to changes in temperature cycles, the feeding schedule and associated changes in endocrine and metabolic variables or the dim light-dark schedule, which are timed in synchrony with the imposed 28-h sleep-wake cycle (15,18), may also contribute to the changes in the rhythmic organization of the transcriptome (14).…”

Section: Mechanisms Underlying the Temporal Disruption Of Gene Expresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Synchronization of central and peripheral oscillators is achieved through direct neural connections between the SCN and target tissues, endocrine rhythms that are driven by the SCN, such as cortisol and melatonin, and behaviors such as food intake and sleep and associated changes in physiology (12)(13)(14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mistimed sleep disrupts circadian regulation of the human transcriptome

Archer

Laing

Möller-Levet

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

316

317

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Circadian organization of the mammalian transcriptome is achieved by rhythmic recruitment of key modifiers of chromatin structure and transcriptional and translational processes. These rhythmic processes, together with posttranslational modification, constitute circadian oscillators in the brain and peripheral tissues, which drive rhythms in physiology and behavior, including the sleep-wake cycle. In humans, sleep is normally timed to occur during the biological night, when body temperature is low and melatonin is synthesized. Desynchrony of sleep-wake timing and other circadian rhythms, such as occurs in shift work and jet lag, is associated with disruption of rhythmicity in physiology and endocrinology. However, to what extent mistimed sleep affects the molecular regulators of circadian rhythmicity remains to be established. Here, we show that mistimed sleep leads to a reduction of rhythmic transcripts in the human blood transcriptome from 6.4% at baseline to 1.0% during forced desynchrony of sleep and centrally driven circadian rhythms. Transcripts affected are key regulators of gene expression, including those associated with chromatin modification (methylases and acetylases), transcription (RNA polymerase II), translation (ribosomal proteins, initiation, and elongation factors), temperature-regulated transcription (cold inducible RNA-binding proteins), and core clock genes including CLOCK and ARNTL (BMAL1). We also estimated the separate contribution of sleep and circadian rhythmicity and found that the sleep-wake cycle coordinates the timing of transcription and translation in particular. The data show that mistimed sleep affects molecular processes at the core of circadian rhythm generation and imply that appropriate timing of sleep contributes significantly to the overall temporal organization of the human transcriptome.bloodomics | chronobiology | microarray | genomics | biological rhythms T wenty-four-hour rhythms in physiology and behavior are generated through interaction between environmental cycles and endogenous self-sustained circadian oscillators (1). In mammals, circadian oscillators are present in the brain and most peripheral tissues (2). Circadian rhythmicity within cells in these tissues is generated by a molecular oscillator, which is composed of core transcriptional-translational feedback loops that can also interact with metabolic oscillators (3).The circadian regulation of the mammalian transcriptome includes circadian transcriptional and translational regulation by proteins such as the positive transcription factors CLOCK and ARNTL (BMAL1), and the repressors PERIOD (PER) and CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) (4), chromatin modification by factors such as E1A binding protein P300 (EP300) and the methyltransferase MLL3 (4-6), RNA polymerase activity (4, 7), and posttranscriptional events such as the regulation of ribosome biogenesis and translation (8, 9). Furthermore, physiological factors such as body temperature (10) and endocrine rhythms such as cortisol (11) can modify and reinforce these regulat...

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“…Organisms adapted to this cycle by developing a circadian rhythm, an endogenous and entrainable mechanism that times daily events such as feeding, temperature, sleep-wakefulness, hormone secretion, and metabolic homeostasis (13,14). In mammals, this rhythm is controlled by a master clock that resides in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhythmicity of the intestinal microbiota is regulated by gender and the host circadian clock

Liang

Bushman

FitzGerald

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

432

437

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In mammals, multiple physiological, metabolic, and behavioral processes are subject to circadian rhythms, adapting to changing light in the environment. Here we analyzed circadian rhythms in the fecal microbiota of mice using deep sequencing, and found that the absolute amount of fecal bacteria and the abundance of Bacteroidetes exhibited circadian rhythmicity, which was more pronounced in female mice. Disruption of the host circadian clock by deletion of Bmal1, a gene encoding a core molecular clock component, abolished rhythmicity in the fecal microbiota composition in both genders. Bmal1 deletion also induced alterations in bacterial abundances in feces, with differential effects based on sex. Thus, although host behavior, such as time of feeding, is of recognized importance, here we show that sex interacts with the host circadian clock, and they collectively shape the circadian rhythmicity and composition of the fecal microbiota in mice.microbiome | Bmal1 gene | circadian rhythm | gender differences

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The Mammalian Circadian Timing System: Synchronization of Peripheral Clocks

Cited by 76 publications

References 85 publications

Circadian clock-mediated control of stem cell division and differentiation: beyond night and day

Circadian clock-mediated control of stem cell division and differentiation: beyond night and day

Mistimed sleep disrupts circadian regulation of the human transcriptome

Rhythmicity of the intestinal microbiota is regulated by gender and the host circadian clock

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