The male street prostitute: A vector for transmission of HIV infection into the heterosexual world

Morse, Edward; Simon, Patricia; Osofsky, Howard J.; Balson, Paul M.; Gaumer, H R

doi:10.1016/0277-9536(91)90287-m

Cited by 91 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The finding that street workers engaged in riskier sexual activities for more money is consistent with research documenting that street workers report highest rates of HIV risk behavior relative to other types of sex workers. 5,[12][13][14]21 In contrast, many internet escorts reported increased HIV sexual risk-taking among casual or recreational sex partners relative to sex work partners, a finding that is also supported by prior research. 15,16 Motivations for engaging in sex work included financial, drugs/alcohol, excitement, power, "why not?," and friends and social norms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…10,11 Specifically, men who found clients on the street reported the highest rates of HIV risk behavior both with sex work partners and nonsex work partners. 5,[12][13][14] However, in comparison, sex workers who found clients via the internet reported lower rates of HIV risk behavior with their sex work partners than with their nonsex work partners. 15,16 Several recent studies suggest that sexual risk behavior among male sex workers may be related to a number of contextual and psychosocial factors (e.g., depression, substance and alcohol addiction, housing issues) that function independently of sex work.…”

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confidence: 97%

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Street Workers and Internet Escorts: Contextual and Psychosocial Factors Surrounding HIV Risk Behavior among Men Who Engage in Sex Work with Other Men

et al. 2008

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Sex work has been associated with elevated risk for HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) in many settings. This mixed methods study examined sexual risk among MSM sex workers in Massachusetts, collecting formative data on HIV risk behavior by sex worker type in order to gain a better understanding of how to tailor prevention interventions to this unique and high-risk subgroup of MSM. Two groups of MSM sex workers were recruited between January and March 2008: street workers (n=19) and internet escorts (n=13). Participants completed a semistructured qualitative interview and quantitative psychosocial assessment battery; interviews were conducted until redundancy in responses was achieved. Almost one third (31%) were HIV-infected. The majority of participants (69%) reported at least one episode of unprotected serodiscordant anal sex (either insertive or receptive) with a mean of 10.7 (SD=42.2) male sex partners of an unknown or different HIV serostatus in the past 12 months. Salient findings included: (a) internet sex workers reported being paid substantially more for sex than street sex workers; (b) inconsistent condom use, high rates of unprotected sex, and low rates of HIV status disclosure with sex work partners for both internet and street workers; general perceptions of a lack of trust on the part of sex work partners (i.e., telling them what they want to hear), offers of more money for unprotected sex; (c) contextual differences in risk taking: internet sex workers reported that they are more likely to engage in sexual risk-taking with noncommercial sex partners than sex partners who pay; (d) HIV status and STI history: two street workers became infected in the context of sex work, and 25% of the entire sample had never been tested for sexually transmitted infections (STI); and (e) motivations and reasons for doing sex work, such as the "lucrativeness" of sex work, as a means to obtain drugs, excitement, power, "why not?" attitude, and because social norms modeled this behavior. Study findings can be used to generate hypotheses for designing and providing tailored primary and secondary prevention interventions for this at-risk subgroup of MSM.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

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confidence: 97%

Street Workers and Internet Escorts: Contextual and Psychosocial Factors Surrounding HIV Risk Behavior among Men Who Engage in Sex Work with Other Men

et al. 2008

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“…This line of study likely grew from concerns that MSWs may have been introducing HIV into the sexual networks of people who hired them (Bimbi, 2007). Thus, some researchers postulated that MSWs could be a transmission vector into less vulnerable populations (Morse, Simon, Osofsky, Balson, & Gaumer, 1991). Most of this initial research examined men working in a single type of venue, the street (Vanwesenbeeck, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Behavior, Mental Health, Substance Use, and HIV Risk Among Agency-Based Male Escorts in a Small U.S. City

Smith

Seal

2008

International Journal of Sexual Health

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Relatively little research has examined the personal sex lives of indoor male sex workers (MSWs) or possible connections in this group between sexual behavior and factors related to HIV risk. As part of a larger project, this study collected data from 30 agency-based indoor MSWs (mean = 22.4 years) about their sexual behavior, mental health, and substance use. Few HIV risk behaviors with clients occurred. Drug use and mental health problems were relatively frequent, but not related to increased risk behavior. Instead, MSWs appeared to employ rational decision-making and harmreduction strategies. Conceptualization of MSW sexual behavior may be required where HIV risk is not attributed to sex work per se, but to other influences such as economic and relational factors. KeywordsSex work; prostitution; male sex worker; HIV risk behavior; HIV; mental health; substance use; sexual behavior During the past 20 years, much of the literature on the sexual behavior of male sex workers (MSWs) has focused on HIV risk behavior with clients. This line of study likely grew from concerns that MSWs may have been introducing HIV into the sexual networks of people who hired them (Bimbi, 2007). Thus, some researchers postulated that MSWs could be a transmission vector into less vulnerable populations (Morse, Simon, Osofsky, Balson, & Gaumer, 1991). Most of this initial research examined men working in a single type of venue, the street (Vanwesenbeeck, 2001). Street-based MSWs (i.e., hustlers) were found to exhibit relatively frequent sexual risk behaviors (Simon, Morse, Osofsky, & Balson, 1994), especially when they engaged in sex work to obtain basic needs or when they were using injection drugs (Estep, Waldorf, & Marotta, 1992). High rates of HIV risk also were found with non-clients due to unprotected sex and injection drugs (Rietmeijer, Wolitski, Fishbein, Corby, & Cohn, 1998). One study of street-based MSWs in Manhattan found that men reported the least sexual risk with paid clients, greater risk with male partners for pleasure, and the most risk with female partners for pleasure (Pleak & Meyer-Bahlburg, 1990). However, this study did not explore contextual factors accounting for the observed differences in sexual risk among these three types of partners.Address correspondence to: Michael Smith, PsyD, Psychology Department, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA 17870 (smithmichaeld@susqu.edu). NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptInt J Sex Health. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 September 23. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptSubsequent examination of MSWs who work in other settings has presented a more complex view. Independent and agency-based MSWs (i.e., escorts) exhibit fewer HIV risk behaviors with clients than men working on the street (Minichiello, Marino, Browne, Jamieson, Reuter, & Robinson, 2000;Simon, Morse, Osofsky, Balson, & Gaumer, 1992). Further, a growing body of research has suggested that indoor MSWs engage in less HIV risk behavior with clients than the...

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“…These MSWs exchange sex for money and some time they involve in un safe sex on demand of client. Most of the clients are gay or bisexual male and some of them have female sex partners (Mores et al 1991) 6 . Male prostitutes charge Pak.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness Regarding HIV Among Male Sex Workers in Larkana City

et al. 2014

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The male street prostitute: A vector for transmission of HIV infection into the heterosexual world

Cited by 91 publications

References 11 publications

Street Workers and Internet Escorts: Contextual and Psychosocial Factors Surrounding HIV Risk Behavior among Men Who Engage in Sex Work with Other Men

Street Workers and Internet Escorts: Contextual and Psychosocial Factors Surrounding HIV Risk Behavior among Men Who Engage in Sex Work with Other Men

Sexual Behavior, Mental Health, Substance Use, and HIV Risk Among Agency-Based Male Escorts in a Small U.S. City

Awareness Regarding HIV Among Male Sex Workers in Larkana City

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