The male circumcision: the oldest ancient procedure, its past, present and future roles.

Mwashambwa, Masumbuko Y.; Mwampagatwa, Ipyana; Rastegaev, Alexander; Gesase, Ainory Peter

doi:10.4314/thrb.v15i3.8

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…After answering that question, the study further wanted to know why the people in Gulu especially men did not seek VMMC services which were being offered at no cost both at static and mobile (out - reaches or camps) sites within their communities. Previous studies had shown factors that affected VMMC uptake especially in Sub Saharan Africa and these studies had shown culture, religion, education level, socio -status and comprehensive knowledge but none had studied the socio demographics of the VMMC service providers 13 , 14 . For any healthy intervention to be effective, the target population must be aware of the benefits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VMMC clients’ perception of increased risk of HIV infection, circumcision preferred choice of method, providers’ socio-demographics and mode of service delivery

Nanteza¹,

Gray²,

Serwadda³

et al. 2020

Afr H. Sci.

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Introduction: Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is a scientifically proven HIV prevention intervention. Uganda, like many countries has been implementing VMMC for over 10 years but uptake is still low especially in northern Uganda. To attain 80% needed for public health impact, scale-up was recommended with many innovations implemented with sub-optimal results. This study therefore wanted to find out some of the correlates of VMMC uptake in Gulu district, northern Uganda. Methods: Two studies were conducted separately but data was analyzed for this study. For the quantitative study, propor- tions and frequencies were used to measure perception of increased risk of HIV infection using age, gender, occupation, marital and circumcision status. Qualitative study provided data from FGDs, IDIs and KIIs were first transcribed in Acholi and then translated in English. Transcripts were uploaded in MAXDQA software for data management. A code book for emerging themes was developed. Results: A total of 548 respondents were interviewed for the quantitative study, where two thirds (66%) of the participants perceived themselves to be at increased risk of HIV infection. For the qualitative study, 149 participants from 19 FGDs, 11 KIIs and 9 IDIs were interviewed. Data were analyzed thematically using both inductive and deductive approaches. Devices were preferred to conventional surgery while mobile services were preferred to static services. However, there were diver- gent views regarding circumcision service providers’ socio-demographics and these were influenced mainly by age, level of education and location. Conclusion: People in Northern Uganda perceived themselves to be at an increased risk of HIV infection. They preferred devices to conventional surgery, mobile services to static services but had varying views about the socio-demographics of the service providers. Keywords: Male circumcision; challenges; HIV prevention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VMMC clients’ perception of increased risk of HIV infection, circumcision preferred choice of method, providers’ socio-demographics and mode of service delivery

Nanteza¹,

Gray²,

Serwadda³

et al. 2020

Afr H. Sci.

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“…De Vaux (1978:287) also comments that: 'A 3500-year-old ivory engraving found in Megiddo depicts circumcised men, believed to have been Canaanites'. Following up on both Glass's opinion and De Vaux's opinion above, Mwashambwa et al (2013:1) also admits that: 'The earliest evidence of male circumcision was discovered in Egyptian tombs aged more than 4000 years'. Meade (2016) opines that: 'The biblical text first mentions circumcision in Genesis 17 …' (p. 35), which picks up the view that Goldingay (2000) had earlier on advanced in the following statement:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circumcision and prevention of HIV and AIDS in Zimbabwe: Male genital cutting as a religio-cultural rite

Rugwiji

2018

HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies

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Circumcision originated from ancient religious (biblical) and cultural societies. Study has shown that in both the biblical (Israelite) context and among the Karanga people in Zimbabwe circumcision emerged as a rite of passage for a boy child’s entry into manhood. Modern societies promulgate circumcision as a preventive method against HIV and AIDS. The present study argues that circumcision tends to promote irresponsible sexual behaviour and trivialises the sacredness of sex. (1) To safeguard societies against the belief that circumcision prevents HIV and AIDS. (2) To sensitise societies that abstinence and condom usage will serve as preventive methods against HIV and AIDS. The study utilises two complimentary methods: (1) comparative literary method which examines both biblical and cultural initiation procedures and (2) qualitative research method in which an interview forms part of the data pool. The potential of a scientific contribution towards transforming both the mind and lifestyle can be guaranteed. The number of individuals opting to be circumcised will decline, and abstinence and condom usage should be promoted towards the prevention of HIV and AIDS. In both ancient Israel and among the Karanga people of Zimbabwe, circumcision was performed as a religious and cultural procedure. In both contexts circumcision was regarded as a rite of passage to prepare a boy child for entry into manhood. The article argued that circumcision does not prevent HIV and AIDS. To the contrary, circumcision tends to endorse promiscuity and unprotected sex, with a potential of increasing HIV and AIDS prevalence.

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“…Therefore, traditional male circumcision procedure relies heavily on traditional medicines to Research into medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of medicinal plants used to treat and manage circumcision wounds offers tremendous potential for developing new pharmaceutical health products and drugs. Although conventional medical circumcision is popular in some urban African cities as the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommended male circumcision as part of a comprehensive programme for preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission in areas with high endemic rates (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31), traditional male circumcision is still widely practised in Eastern and Southern Africa (1)(2)(3)(4). Studies are there (29) arguing that the emergency of HIV has brought the ancient traditional male circumcision on spot light as a result of recent studies which have demonstrated that it does not only reduce the rate of HIV infection but the ancient procedure also reduces penile cancer and cervical cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of herbal formulations for the treatment of circumcision wounds in Eastern and Southern Africa

Maroyi¹

2021

Plant Sci. Today

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Medicinal plants used to treat and manage circumcision wounds have remained an integral part of traditional practice in Eastern and Southern Africa. This study reviews the traditional usage of medicinal plants to treat and manage circumcision wounds in Eastern and Southern Africa. Drawing on data from Kenya, Namibia, South Africa and Tanzania, information was collected from different sources including books, theses and electronic scientific search engines such as Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, SciFinder and Google Scholar. A literature search was also undertaken focusing on medicinal plants used against circumcision wounds that demonstrated antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities in in vitro studies. Twenty-eight medicinal plants from 15 families are recorded as traditional therapies for circumcision wounds following an extensive literature search. These species used to treat and manage circumcision wounds, and as dressing after circumcision to prevent serious inflammation are mainly (64.3%) members of Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae and Fabaceae families. Three quarters (75.0%) of these species including Acalypha ornata, Achyranthes aspera, Asparagus africanus, Boophone disticha, Brunsvigia grandiflora, Burkea africana, Colophospermum mopane, Datura stramonium, Dichrostachys cinerea, Helichrysum appendiculatum, H. foetidum, H. longifolium, H. nudifolium, H. pedunculatum, Lippia javanica, Maesa lanceolata, Ptaeroxylon obliquum, Ricinus communis, Searsia natalensis, Triumfetta rhomboidea and Vachellia nilotica have shown antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects in a set of in vitro models. Further studies are needed such as isolation of phytochemical compounds, in vivo activities, clinical and toxicological studies.

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The male circumcision: the oldest ancient procedure, its past, present and future roles.

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

VMMC clients’ perception of increased risk of HIV infection, circumcision preferred choice of method, providers’ socio-demographics and mode of service delivery

VMMC clients’ perception of increased risk of HIV infection, circumcision preferred choice of method, providers’ socio-demographics and mode of service delivery

Circumcision and prevention of HIV and AIDS in Zimbabwe: Male genital cutting as a religio-cultural rite

Use of herbal formulations for the treatment of circumcision wounds in Eastern and Southern Africa

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