The male advantage in regulating negative emotion by expressive suppression: An event-related potential study

Ayan, Cai; Jiemin, Yang; Xu, Shuang; Jiajin, Yuan

doi:10.3724/sp.j.1041.2016.00482

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies have found that individual differences in reappraisal and suppression abilities can affect emotion regulation performance ( Hofmann et al, 2009 ; Yuan et al, 2014 ). The effort it takes to engage in a particular emotion regulation strategy can also influence such performance ( Cai et al, 2016 ). However, in the present study, participants were randomly assigned to nonregulation, reappraisal, and suppression groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process model of emotion regulation, proposed by Gross (1998) , provides five major emotion regulation strategies that may be used during the emotion production process: situation selection, situation modification, attention allocation, cognitive reappraisal, and expression suppression. Arguably, the most common and effective of these strategies are the latter two: reappraisal and suppression ( Cheng et al, 2009 ; Cai et al, 2016 ; Chen et al, 2017a ). For this reason, reappraisal and suppression were selected as emotion regulation strategies for use in the present study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, suppression is a response-focused strategy that occurs at the late stage of emotion production and involves the regulation of emotion through suppressing its expression. There is empirical evidence that both reappraisal and suppression decrease emotional arousal and modulate emotional attention bias, and can even change brain activity related to emotional processing ( Eippert et al, 2007 ; Goldin et al, 2008 ; Driscoll et al, 2009 ; Flynn et al, 2010 ; Cai et al, 2016 ; Chen et al, 2017a ). Accordingly, they are potential strategies for reducing emotional distortions of duration perception.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Emotion Regulation in Reducing Emotional Distortions of Duration Perception

2018

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Emotional events, especially negative ones, are consistently reported to last longer than neutral events. Previous studies suggested that this distortion of duration perception is linked to arousal and attention bias in response to emotional events. Reappraisal and suppression, arguably the most effective strategies for emotion regulation, have been demonstrated to decrease such arousal and attention bias. The present study investigated whether reappraisal and suppression can reduce emotional distortions of duration perception. Seventy-eight Chinese undergraduates were recruited as paid participants and randomly assigned to nonregulation, reappraisal, and suppression groups. Before they performed a temporal bisection task involving presentation of emotional pictures for different durations, the groups were each given one of three different sets of instructions requiring them to passively perceive, reappraise, or suppress the emotions of the pictures. The results indicated that the distortion of duration perception occurred only in the nonregulation group, suggesting that it can be effectively reduced by reappraisal and suppression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Emotion Regulation in Reducing Emotional Distortions of Duration Perception

2018

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“…Despite abundant research showing more frequent suppression of emotional expressions in males than in females, little evidence has shown that males are better than females in dampening negative emotions by expressive suppression. A recent study in our lab, using an experiment to explore sex differences in emotion regulation, has found that males did outperform females in regulating negative emotion by expressive suppression ( Cai et al, 2016 ). It is noteworthy that the effect of sex observed in this study is based on general population, and it may not apply to specific individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sex Differences in Regulating Unpleasant Emotion by Expressive Suppression: Extraversion Matters

et al. 2016

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Males are known for more suppression of emotional displays than females. However, when the emotion regulation effect of expressive suppression is greater in males, and how this sex difference varies with emotion display-related personality (e.g., extraversion), are undetermined. Event-related potentials were recorded while male and female participants different in extraversion were required to attend to or suppress emotional expression to negative pictures. Sex and extraversion did not modulate self-reported emotional experience. However, late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes showed an extraversion-moderated sex difference in the 2000–3000 ms and the 3000–4000 ms time epochs. LPP amplitudes were decreased during suppression versus viewing conditions in ambivert males, while this effect was absent in ambivert females. However, the LPP amplitudes of extraverts were similar for suppression and viewing conditions, irrespective of sex and timing. Regardless of early, middle, or late time windows, LPP amplitudes were positively related to self-reported emotion. These results suggest a male advantage for using expressive suppression for emotion regulation in non-extraverted, ambivert individuals.

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“…In a recent study, researchers demonstrated that a cognitive re-evaluation (e.g., reappraisal) and an inhibition of our own emotion expression (e.g., suppression) were emotional regulation strategies that drastically reduced (or even canceled) the influence of emotional facial expressions on time perception ( Tian et al, 2018 ). It is to highlight that reappraisal and suppression have been shown to decrease emotional arousal and even change brain activity related to emotional processing ( Cai et al, 2016 ; Driscoll et al, 2009 ; Eippert et al, 2007 ; Flynn et al, 2010 ; Goldin et al . , 2008 ), therefore explaining the aforementioned effects.…”

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confidence: 99%

When Dogs Shrink the Typical Lengthening Effect Caused by Negative Emotions

Hallez

Baltenneck

Galiano

2021

Experimental Psychology

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Abstract. This paper examines how dogs can modulate the effects of emotion on time perception. To this end, participants performed a temporal bisection task with stimulus durations presented in the form of neutral or emotional facial expressions (angry, sad, and happy faces). In the first experiment, dog owners were compared with nondog owners, while in the second experiment, students were randomly assigned to one of the three waiting groups (waiting alone, with another person, or with a dog) before being confronted with the temporal bisection task. The results showed that dogs allowed the participants to regulate the intensity of negative emotional effects, while no statistical differences emerged for the happy facial expressions. In certain circumstances, dogs could even lead the subjects to generate underestimation of time when faced with negative facial expressions.

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The male advantage in regulating negative emotion by expressive suppression: An event-related potential study

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

The Role of Emotion Regulation in Reducing Emotional Distortions of Duration Perception

The Role of Emotion Regulation in Reducing Emotional Distortions of Duration Perception

The Sex Differences in Regulating Unpleasant Emotion by Expressive Suppression: Extraversion Matters

When Dogs Shrink the Typical Lengthening Effect Caused by Negative Emotions

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