The Malaysian Workplace Bullying Index (MWBI): A new measure of workplace bullying in Eastern countries

Abstract

Workplace bullying is a significant cause of stress at work. Existing studies, primarily based on Western-oriented frameworks and instruments, have largely overlooked the role of culture. This oversight questions whether understandings generated from those studies can be generalised to employees working in Eastern countries, which differ on important cultural dimensions. To date, there is no Eastern-based instrument for measuring workplace bullying. In two studies, we developed and validated such a measure: the Malaysian Workplace Bullying Index (MWBI). Study 1 entailed a content validation of bullying behaviours via written records (diaries) completed by Malaysian bullying victims. The 19 validated behaviours formed the basis of Study 2, with additions from the wider literature. Study 2 used survey data collected at three time-points from Malaysian employees exposed to bullying at work. The final result was an 18-item scale with two nine-item factors: work-related bullying and person-related bullying. Overall, the MWBI is a psychometrically sound measure of workplace bullying in Eastern workplaces.

Prevalence of Workplace Bullying and Its Associated Factors among Workers in a Malaysian Public University Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…In contrast, Western cultures apprehends bullying as unacceptable and a chronic organizational stressor that needs to be reported to higher authorities, thus yielding probable escalated prevalence rates. 56 …”

“…In contrast, Western cultures apprehends bullying as unacceptable and a chronic organizational stressor that needs to be reported to higher authorities, thus yielding probable escalated prevalence rates. 56 The final regression model yielded two significant factors as highly associated with workplace bullying, namely hospital workers with experience ≤10 years and those not involved in patient care. Workers with less experience were more likely to be bullied than senior ones.…”

Prevalence of Workplace Bullying and Risk Groups in Chinese Employees in Hong Kong

“…Workplace bullying has become a significant public health issue. Over 90% of the studies on workplace bullying come from high-income countries, particularly Europe, [ 1 , 2 ] and have used Caucasian samples. There is a paucity of evidence about workplace bullying in Asian countries [ 3 ].…”

Hubungan Bullying Di Tempat Kerja Terhadap Distress Psikologis Dan Kepuasan Hidup Pekerja Pelayanan Kesehatan

“…Terdapat juga seorang responden langsung menyampaikan kepada peneliti bahwa pengakuannya terkait kejadian bullying takut diketahui oleh rekan kerja maupun atasannya. Pada penelitian-penelitian yang lain menyebutkan penafsiran bullying yang belum tuntas, sosial budaya, dan faktor kepribadian ikut mempengaruhi prevalensi kejadian bullying di tempat kerja (Kwan et al, 2020;Linton & Power, 2013;Podsiadly & Gamian-Wilk, 2017;Rai & Agarwal, 2019;Seigne et al, 2007). Selain itu belum dapat dipisahkannya klasifikasi responden antara pelaku bullying dengan korban bullying dapat mempengaruhi prevalensi kejadian bullying di tempat kerja (Linton & Power, 2013).…”

“…Perundungan di tempat kerja hingga akhir abad ke 20 masih merupakan masalah yang mendasar terjadi di tempat kerja, bertahan lama, berlarut-larut, dan menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan fisik dan psikologis pegawai, mood negatif, moral rendah, kepuasan kerja, serta masalah hukum. (Chia & Kee, 2018;Kwan et al, 2020;Nielsen & Einarsen, 2012;Robert, 2018).…”