“…Moreover, it plays a critical role in shaping customers' experiences [ 89 , 90 ], and it could provoke customers' positive emotions. Previous works assert that the arousal of positive emotion has a strong impact [ 91 ]. The physical environment has been divided into sub-dimensions, including ambient conditions, facility aesthetics, the interior, exterior and other important tangible factors [ 92 ], spatial layout, seating comfort, view, location, occasions and noise level [ 93 ], elements such as service facilities, equipment, cleanliness and transportation [ 94 ] and physical appearance [ 15 , 75 , 85 , 91 , [95] , [96] , [97] , [98] , [99] ].…”