The Making of Churchyards and Parish Territories in the Early-Medieval Landscape of France and England in the 7th-12th Centuries: A Reconsideration

Zadora-Rio, Elisabeth

doi:10.1179/med.2003.47.1.1

Cited by 66 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Because the Roman walls were still partially visible in the early Middle Ages, we can speculate that this funerary zone was in some way still linked to the city. Moreover, the Muslim graves were not isolated in the area because other early medieval graves were found in the suburb of Nimes, corresponding to a well-known phenomenon in the early Middle Ages [ 35 ]. We also note that graves SP7080 and SP7083 were situated 27 meters south of a medieval access road to Nimes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Medieval Muslim Graves in France: First Archaeological, Anthropological and Palaeogenomic Evidence

et al. 2016

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The rapid Arab-Islamic conquest during the early Middle Ages led to major political and cultural changes in the Mediterranean world. Although the early medieval Muslim presence in the Iberian Peninsula is now well documented, based in the evaluation of archeological and historical sources, the Muslim expansion in the area north of the Pyrenees has only been documented so far through textual sources or rare archaeological data. Our study provides the first archaeo-anthropological testimony of the Muslim establishment in South of France through the multidisciplinary analysis of three graves excavated at Nimes. First, we argue in favor of burials that followed Islamic rites and then note the presence of a community practicing Muslim traditions in Nimes. Second, the radiometric dates obtained from all three human skeletons (between the 7th and the 9th centuries AD) echo historical sources documenting an early Muslim presence in southern Gaul (i.e., the first half of 8th century AD). Finally, palaeogenomic analyses conducted on the human remains provide arguments in favor of a North African ancestry of the three individuals, at least considering the paternal lineages. Given all of these data, we propose that the skeletons from the Nimes burials belonged to Berbers integrated into the Umayyad army during the Arab expansion in North Africa. Our discovery not only discusses the first anthropological and genetic data concerning the Muslim occupation of the Visigothic territory of Septimania but also highlights the complexity of the relationship between the two communities during this period.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Medieval Muslim Graves in France: First Archaeological, Anthropological and Palaeogenomic Evidence

et al. 2016

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“…La question du rassemblement monopolistique des sépultures auprès de l'église est notamment reformulée. Contrairement à une idée admise, on découvre progressivement que la constitution des cimetières paroissiaux n'a pas toujours suivi l'abandon des nécropoles en plein champ et que la notion même de cimetière paroissial, entendu comme un espace consacré accueillant la communauté des fidèles, ne s'est imposée que très progressivement et assez tardivement, guère avant le X e siècle en définitive (Treffort 1996, Zadora-Rio 2003. Les fouilles d'habitat ruraux du haut Moyen Âge livrent en effet couramment des sépultures isolées ou en petits groupes sans lien avec un lieu de culte.…”

Section: Des éDifices Aux Lieux De Culte Nouveau Climat Scientifiqueunclassified

De l’archéologie du monument chrétien à l’archéologie des lieux de culte. Propos d’introduction et repères historiographiques

Schneider

2010

amime

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“…Research specific to later Anglo‐Saxon cemeteries has provided convincing evidence that the provision of stone‐built cists or rubble‐lined graves correlates with high social status (Buckberry, ; Craig & Buckberry, ; Hadley, ). Preferential areas for burial have been identified at a number of later Anglo‐Saxon sites, such as Jarrow (Northumberland) (Lowther, ) and Barton‐upon‐Humber (North Lincolnshire; Rodwell, ), where increased densities of burials next to church buildings reflect desire for burial in locis sanctis (holy ground) or ad sanctos (next to the saints; Hadley, ; Zadora‐Rio, ). Elaborate interments next to churches and minsters further evidence the prestige of burial next to ecclesiastical buildings (Boddington, ; Cramp & Lowther, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Barton-upon-Humber (North Lincolnshire; Rodwell, 2007), where increased densities of burials next to church buildings reflect desire for burial in locis sanctis (holy ground) or ad sanctos (next to the saints; Hadley, 2000;Zadora-Rio, 2003). Elaborate interments next to churches and minsters further evidence the prestige of burial next to ecclesiastical buildings (Boddington, 1996;Cramp & Lowther, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A biocultural analysis of mortuary practices in the later Anglo‐Saxon to Anglo‐Norman Black Gate Cemetery, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, England

Swales

2019

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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The lack of grave goods in cemeteries from later Anglo‐Saxon England (eighth to 11th century AD) has in the past been interpreted as reflecting standardisation of burial rites dictated by Christian doctrine. This study employed a biocultural approach to investigate whether variations in mortuary practices such as burial location, grave form, and body disposition within the eighth to 12th‐century Black Gate Cemetery, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne represented alternative mediums of social display. Skeletal markers commonly associated with early life stress (cribra orbitalia and linear enamel hypoplasia), non‐specific stress (tibial periosteal lesions and maxillary sinusitis), oral health (calculus, caries, abscesses, and ante‐mortem tooth loss), and biomechanical stress (appendicular and spinal degenerative joint disease and trauma) were examined macroscopically on the skeletal remains of 643 individuals. The aim of the analysis was to investigate whether patterns in age, sex, and biological stress in the different burial locations, burial types, and body positions evidenced social status or sociocultural relationships between the different mortuary practices. Demographic and biocultural analysis revealed the inclusion of males, females, non‐adults, and the elderly in all of the mortuary practices, and no evidence for marked inequalities in biological stress between those afforded the different burial practices. The dominant influence for non‐significant trends in the stress data was variation in age‐structure between different areas of burial. However, non‐significant but consistently higher frequencies of stress indicators were observed in graves containing stone inclusions (pillow stones, head‐cists, and earmuffs) compared with those constructed from stone (cists and rubble cists) and plain burials, all burial practices with a similar mortality profile. The distribution of age and stress indicators between the mortuary practices placed in the wider sociocultural context provided a deeper insight into the complex contribution of social relationships, life‐course, pragmatism, regional and temporal trends, and cultural and religious beliefs upon treatment of the deceased.

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The Making of Churchyards and Parish Territories in the Early-Medieval Landscape of France and England in the 7th-12th Centuries: A Reconsideration

Cited by 66 publications

References 0 publications

Early Medieval Muslim Graves in France: First Archaeological, Anthropological and Palaeogenomic Evidence

Early Medieval Muslim Graves in France: First Archaeological, Anthropological and Palaeogenomic Evidence

De l’archéologie du monument chrétien à l’archéologie des lieux de culte. Propos d’introduction et repères historiographiques

A biocultural analysis of mortuary practices in the later Anglo‐Saxon to Anglo‐Norman Black Gate Cemetery, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, England

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