The Makhana Value Chain in Bihar: An Assessment and Policy Implications

Minten, Bart; Reardon, Thomas; Singh, Krishna M.; Sutradhar, Rajib

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2406538

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The notification states that before 2005, makhana use was mostly limited to local and traditional use in the north of India, but surveys of a study conducted by Minten et al (2010) in 2009 and 2010 showed a strong increase for the percentage of wholesalers in Bihar who started selling branded and packed products. According to this study, this percentage increased from 23% in 2005 to 96% in 2010.…”

Section: Extent Of Use Of the Tfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Report on the notification of roasted and popped kernels from the seeds of Euryale ferox Salisb. as a traditional food from a third country pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EU) 2015/2283

2022

EFSA Supporting Publications

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A notification from Zenko Superfoods Pte. Ltd. (Singapore) has been submitted to the European Commission under Article 14 of Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 to place on the market roasted and popped kernels from the seeds of Euryale ferox Salisb. as a traditional food from a third country (TF). In line with Article 15(2) of that Regulation, EFSA was asked by the European Commission whether there are duly reasoned safety objections to the placing on the market of the TF within the European Union (EU). The TF consists of roasted and popped kernels from the seeds of Euryale ferox Salisb. that, according to the applicant, have been consumed for more than 25 years in India. The TF is proposed to be marketed in the EU as a snack. EFSA considers that the available data on composition and history of use of the TF do not raise safety concerns. Considering the available data, EFSA does not raise safety objections to the placing on the market of the TF (roasted and popped kernels from the seeds of Euryale ferox Salisb.) within the EU.

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Section: Extent Of Use Of the Tfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Report on the notification of roasted and popped kernels from the seeds of Euryale ferox Salisb. as a traditional food from a third country pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EU) 2015/2283

2022

EFSA Supporting Publications

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“…From ancient times, it has been part of religious and funeral rituals often regarded as “ food of deities ” (Khadatkar, Mehta, & Gite, 2020). India's processing yield of Popped Makhana (PM) is 40,000 MT along the lower gangetic basin of Bihar (Minten, Singh, & Sutradhar, 2010). Northern‐Bihar districts comprising Darbhanga, Madhubani, Katihar and Purnia accounts for 11,777.55 MT of India's export volume with an accelerating global market value of USD 72.5 million during 2019–2023 (Singh, Kumar, Kumar, & Singh, 2020; Technavio, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical characterization and mass modeling of traditionally Popped Makhana (Euryale ferox Salisbury) variety: Sabour‐1 Makhana

Gaurav

Nath

Barbhuiya

et al. 2021

J Food Process Engineering

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Correlation between physical properties of Popped Makhana (variety: Sabour-1 Makhana) such as tri-axial dimensions, spatial diameters, projected areas, volumes and mass may aid in predicting pops quality besides fabrication of post-harvest machinery. Hence, the present work aims to predict the mass of Makhana pops as a function of its physical attributes using nonlinear mathematical models. Depending upon high variation in mass data (0.19-0.46 g), pops were categorized into small,

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“…Despite of that, it has been reported that the area under Makhana crop has declined sharply by 35 per cent in past few decades from 20,000 ha to 13,000 ha [3]. Makhana production is facing number of issues including inefficient marketing channels [4], high cost of harvesting [5], shortage of organized Makhana processing industry and related malpractices [6] etc. This study was conducted to understand the economics of Makhana production and processing and suggest suitable strategies to minimize the costs and increase profitability of Makhana production and processing enterprises.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economics of Makhana Production and Socio-economic Profile of Makhana Growers in Bihar

Atal

Patil

Sohane

et al. 2019

CJAST

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The Bihar state produces more than 80 per cent of Makhana globally. Despite having monopoly production, the net profit earned by Makhana producers is relatively small as the cost of cultivation is high. In order to analyse the cost of cultivation and to identify major cost incurring operations, the present study was conducted in Purnea, Darbangha and Saharsa districts of Bihar. A random sample of 120 Makhana growers and 60 processors was randomly selected from study area. Respondents’ personal interviews were conducted with the help of semi structured interview schedule to collect the data. Findings of the study revealed that majority of the Makhana cultivators belongs to Mallah community. The average age of Makhana growers was 47 years (SD=10.3). The majority of Makhana growers (65.83%) belonged to the age group of 45-64 years. Further it was observed that 100 per cent of the sampled growers’ and processors’ households were headed by males. The average family size of Makhana grower was 9. The majority of the Makhana growers were living in joint family. It was found that, majority (76.66%) of the Makhana growers were having small and marginal holdings of which 34.16 per cent were small farmer and 42.5 per cent were marginal farmer. It was also observed that the average income of the Makhana growers was Rs. 224925 per year. Further it was found that cost of Makhana cultivation per acre was Rs. 48248/acre, The major cost component of Makhana cultivation was found to be the harvesting activity which contributed around 60 per cent of total cultivation cost. The revenue earned by sales of Makhana was Rs. 59299 per care. From each acre of Makhana cultivated farmers earned Rs. 11051. The B:C Ratio of Makhana production activity was found to be 1:1.22. Therefore it was concluded that, there exists ample scope for reduction of cost of cultivation through mechanization of harvesting activity.

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The Makhana Value Chain in Bihar: An Assessment and Policy Implications

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Technical Report on the notification of roasted and popped kernels from the seeds of Euryale ferox Salisb. as a traditional food from a third country pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EU) 2015/2283

Technical Report on the notification of roasted and popped kernels from the seeds of Euryale ferox Salisb. as a traditional food from a third country pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EU) 2015/2283

Physical characterization and mass modeling of traditionally Popped Makhana (Euryale ferox Salisbury) variety: Sabour‐1 Makhana

Economics of Makhana Production and Socio-economic Profile of Makhana Growers in Bihar

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