The major histocompatibility complex origin

Danchin, Etienne G. J.; Vitiello, Verane; Vienne, Alexandre; Richard, Olivier; Gouret, Philippe; McDermott, Michael F.; Pontarotti, Pierre

doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.00132.x

Cited by 54 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Recent studies of amphioxus and ascidian genome revealed that just a proto-MHC region existed in these protochordate (12,44). In our amphioxus libraries, we also found the homologues of BAT5, allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF1), RING2 (KE6), KE2 (Fig.…”

Section: Homologues Of Ag Peptide Processing and Presentation Genes Asupporting

confidence: 52%

“…The Ag presentation system in AIS involved many proteases and chaperones, and Danchin et al (44) demonstrated that many of them gained their specific function in Ag processing and presentation through various levels of co-option. Many homologues of proteasomes and chaperones were found in our database.…”

Section: Homologues Of Ag Peptide Processing and Presentation Genes Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genes “Waiting” for Recruitment by the Adaptive Immune System: The Insights from Amphioxus

Yu¹,

Dong²,

Wu³

et al. 2005

The Journal of Immunology

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In seeking evidence of the existence of adaptive immune system (AIS) in ancient chordate, cDNA clones of six libraries from a protochordate, the Chinese amphioxus, were sequenced. Although the key molecules such as TCR, MHC, Ig, and RAG in AIS have not been identified from our database, we demonstrated in this study the extensive molecular evidence for the presence of genes homologous to many genes that are involved in AIS directly or indirectly, including some of which may represent the putative precursors of vertebrate AIS-related genes. The comparative analyses of these genes in different model organisms revealed the different fates of these genes during evolution. Their gene expression pattern suggested that the primitive digestive system is the pivotal place of the origin and evolution of the AIS. Our studies support the general statement that AIS appears after the jawless/jawed vertebrate split. However our study further reveals the fact that AIS is in its twilight in amphioxus and the evolution of the molecules in amphioxus are waiting for recruitment by the emergence of AIS.

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Section: Homologues Of Ag Peptide Processing and Presentation Genes Asupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Homologues Of Ag Peptide Processing and Presentation Genes Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes “Waiting” for Recruitment by the Adaptive Immune System: The Insights from Amphioxus

Yu¹,

Dong²,

Wu³

et al. 2005

The Journal of Immunology

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“…The MHC was genetically defined more precisely by Snell (1948), who first used the term. It has been recognized as a large multigene family present in all jawed vertebrates (Danchin et al, 2004;Kelley et al, 2005). During the last two decades, MHC genes, especially class I and MHC Class I Exon 4 in the Multiocellated Racerunners (Eremias multiocellata): Polymorphism, Duplication and Selection Xiuyun YUAN 1,2 , Xiaomao ZENG 1 and Xianguang GUO 1* are evolving under balancing selection are distinct from neutral loci in that they show high levels of heterozygosity and a large number of alleles at similar frequencies (Maruyama and Nei, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MHC Class I Exon 4 in the Multiocellated Racerunners (Eremias multiocellata): Polymorphism, Duplication and Selection

Yuan¹,

Zeng²,

Guo³

2014

AHR

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The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a dynamic genetic region with an essential role in the adaptive immunity of jawed vertebrates. The MHC polymorphism is affected by many processes such as birth-anddeath evolution, gene conversion, and concerted evolution. Studies investigating the evolution of MHC class I genes have been biased toward a few particular taxa and model species. However, the investigation of this region in nonavian reptiles is still in its infancy. We present the first characterization of MHC class I genes in a species from the family Lacertidae. We assessed genetic diversity and a role of selection in shaping the diversity of MHC class I exon 4 among 37 individuals of Eremias multiocellata from a population in Lanzhou, China. We generated 67 distinct DNA sequences using cloning and sequencing methods, and identified 36 putative functional variants as well as two putative pseudogene-variants. We found the number of variants within an individual varying between two and seven, indicating that there are at least four MHC class I loci in this species. Gene duplication plays a role in increasing copy numbers of MHC genes and allelic diversity in this species. The class I exon 4 sequences are characteristic of low nucleotide diversity. No signal of recombination is detected, but purifying selection is detected in β2-microglobulin interaction sites and some other silent sites outside of the function-constraint regions. Certain identical alleles are shared by Eremias multiocellata and E. przewalskii and E. brenchleyi, suggesting trans-species polymorphism. The data are compatible with a birth-and-death model of evolution.class II genes, have been the subjects of the majority of research in the fields of ecology and evolution (reviewed in Sommer, 2005; Milinski, 2006;Piertney and Oliver, 2006;Ujvari and Belov, 2011). This is because MHC includes the most polymorphic genes in vertebrate populations. Given the extraordinary richness and diversity of continuously evolving pathogens in the environment, it is not surprising that the MHC harbors the most polymorphic genes described thus far, with some loci, such as the human HLA-B locus, possessing more than 2000 alleles (de Bakker and Raychaudhuri, 2012). The number of genes in the MHC varies enormously between species, even between individuals of the same species (Malaga-Trillo et al., 1998;Figueroa et al., 2001). It has been noted that balancing selection is an evolutionary force that can maintain many haplotypes over long periods of evolutionary time. Genes that

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“…The discovery of CD1 in birds also provides some fascinating insights into the possible features of the primordial MHC, which is thought to have arisen with the very earliest vertebrates or protochordates (13). Based on experimental data and the publicly available draft sequence of the G. gallus genome, the chCD1-1 and chCD1-2 genes map to the MHC locus, unlike what has so far been found for mammalian CD1 genes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The separation of CD1 and MHC loci in mammals is presumed to have occurred as a result of duplication and relocation of the ancestral MHC locus to create one or more paralogous loci on different chromosomes. Indeed, evidence exists for at least three such MHC paralogous loci in the human genome, one of which is the CD1 locus on chromosome 1 (13,14). In this evolutionary scheme, subsequent shaping of the genome after these duplication events led to deletion of the CD1 genes from the modern MHC locus in mammals and deletion of the MHC class I and II genes or their precursors from the CD1 locus, thus creating two distinct loci with related genes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bird genes give new insights into the origins of lipid antigen presentation

Porcelli

2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The major histocompatibility complex origin

Cited by 54 publications

References 71 publications

Genes “Waiting” for Recruitment by the Adaptive Immune System: The Insights from Amphioxus

Genes “Waiting” for Recruitment by the Adaptive Immune System: The Insights from Amphioxus

MHC Class I Exon 4 in the Multiocellated Racerunners (Eremias multiocellata): Polymorphism, Duplication and Selection

Bird genes give new insights into the origins of lipid antigen presentation

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