The Maize Auxotrophic Mutant orange pericarp Is Defective in Duplicate Genes for Tryptophan Synthase b

Wright, Allen D.; Moehlenkamp, Cynthia; Perrot, Gary H.; Neuffer, M. G.; Cone, Karen C.

doi:10.2307/3869529

Cited by 22 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…The maize tryptophan auxotroph orp is mutated in both of the TSB genes (27). Seedlings with this lethal mutation are able to germinate, but growth is arrested at the two-leaf stage upon depletion of tryptophan derived from seed storage proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seed carrying the recessive lethal mutation orp1orp1͞orp2orp2 produce maize plants auxotrophic for tryptophan that are mutated in both of the TSB genes but still produce indole (27). Orange pericarp (orp1orp1͞orp2orp2) seeds and sibling yellow pericarp (orp1͞ orp1Orp2) seeds were coated with Captan and germinated on filter paper moistened with water containing White's mineral salts (Sigma).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following probes were used in the course of this work: TSA, the maize tryptophan synthase alpha subunit cDNA (21); gen3-1, the corresponding genomic clone (both kindly provided by Vance Kramer, Novartis, Research Triangle Park, NC); and TSB1 and TSB2, the maize tryptophan synthase beta subunit cDNAs (kindly provided by Karen Cone, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia) (27). Probe fragments were labeled with [␣-32 P]dCTP (3,000 Ci͞mmol; 1 Ci ϭ 37 GBq) using an oligolabeling kit (Pharmacia).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A deletion in an indole synthase gene is responsible for the DIMBOA-deficient phenotype ofbxbx maize

Melanson

Chilton

Masters-Moore

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The biosynthesis of DIMBOA, a pesticidal secondary metabolite of maize, branches off the tryptophan pathway. We have previously demonstrated that indole is the last intermediate common to both the tryptophan and hydroxamic acid pathways. The earliest discovered mutant in the DIMBOA pathway, bxbx (benzoxazineless), is deficient in the production of DIMBOA and related compounds. This paper presents evidence We demonstrate that the TSA gene has sustained a 924-bp deletion in bxbx compared with its counterpart in wild-type maize. We report that the TSA gene maps to the same location as the bxbx mutation, on the short arm of chromosome 4. We present evidence that the very early and very high level of expression of TSA corresponds to the timing and level of DIMBOA biosynthesis but is strikingly different from the expression of the maize tryptophan synthase ␤ (TSB) genes. We show that feeding indole to bxbx seedlings restores their ability to synthesize DIMBOA. We conclude that the maize enzyme initially named tryptophan synthase ␣ in fact is a DIMBOA biosynthetic enzyme, and we propose that it be renamed indole synthase. This work confirms and enlarges upon the findings of Frey et al.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A deletion in an indole synthase gene is responsible for the DIMBOA-deficient phenotype ofbxbx maize

Melanson

Chilton

Masters-Moore

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…We limited our analysis to gene pairs with reciprocal top BLASTP matches, using an e-40 cutoff, and nonreciprocal pairs (e-60 cutoff) where the Arabidopsis phenotype gene identifies a different potential ortholog in the other plant species. We then excluded duplicated maize genes (white pollen1, Zea floricaula, orange pericarp, alternative discordia1) with a loss-of-function phenotype limited to double mutants (www.maizegdb.org; Wright et al, 1992Wright et al, , 2009), dominant mutants of maize (Gnarley, Rough sheath1, White cap) and tomato (e.g. Green-ripe, Delta, Curl) with a gainof-function mutant phenotype (Schneeberger et al, Figure 7.…”

Section: Phenotypes Of Orthologous Gene Knockouts In Other Angiospermsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Dataset of Genes with a Loss-of-Function Mutant Phenotype in Arabidopsis

2012

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Despite the widespread use of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) as a model plant, a curated dataset of Arabidopsis genes with mutant phenotypes remains to be established. A preliminary list published nine years ago in Plant Physiology is outdated, and genome-wide phenotype information remains difficult to obtain. We describe here a comprehensive dataset of 2,400 genes with a loss-of-function mutant phenotype in Arabidopsis. Phenotype descriptions were gathered primarily from manual curation of the scientific literature. Genes were placed into prioritized groups (essential, morphological, cellular-biochemical, and conditional) based on the documented phenotypes of putative knockout alleles. Phenotype classes (e.g. vegetative, reproductive, and timing, for the morphological group) and subsets (e.g. flowering time, senescence, circadian rhythms, and miscellaneous, for the timing class) were also established. Gene identities were classified as confirmed (through molecular complementation or multiple alleles) or not confirmed. Relationships between mutant phenotype and protein function, genetic redundancy, protein connectivity, and subcellular protein localization were explored. A complementary dataset of 401 genes that exhibit a mutant phenotype only when disrupted in combination with a putative paralog was also compiled. The importance of these genes in confirming functional redundancy and enhancing the value of single gene datasets is discussed. With further input and curation from the Arabidopsis community, these datasets should help to address a variety of important biological questions, provide a foundation for exploring the relationship between genotype and phenotype in angiosperms, enhance the utility of Arabidopsis as a reference plant, and facilitate comparative studies with model genetic organisms.

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“…Extension at 72 1C for 5 min was performed to complete the reaction. A set of primers specific for the orange pericarp 1 (orp1) gene, which encodes the b-subunit of tryptophan synthase (Wright et al, 1992), was used to standardize the concentration of the different samples. orp1-specific sequences were amplified using the following primers: the upstream primer, 5 0 -AAGGACGTGCA CACCGC-3 0 and downstream primer, 5 0 -CAGATACAGA ACAACAACTC-3 0 .…”

Section: Reverse Transcriptase-pcr Expression Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A paramutation phenomenon is involved in the genetics of maize low phytic acid1-241 (lpa1-241) trait

et al. 2008

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So far, in maize, three classes of mutants involved in phytic acid biosynthesis have been isolated: lpa1, lpa2 and lpa3. In 2007, a gene tagging experiment performed by Shi et al. found that mutations in ZmMRP4 (multidrug resistance-associated proteins 4) gene cause lpa1 phenotype. In previous studies, we isolated and described a single recessive lpa mutation (originally named lpa241), which was allelic to the lpa1-1 mutant, and was consequently renamed lpa1-241. It showed a decrease in the expression of the myo-inositol (Ins)-3-phosphate synthase gene (mips1S). In this study, we present genetic and molecular analyses of the lpa1-241 mutation that indicate an epigenetic origin of this trait, that is, a paramutagenic interaction that results in meiotically heritable changes in ZmMRP4 gene expression, causing a strong pleiotropic effect on the whole plant. The use of a 5-Azacytidine treatment provided data suggesting an association between gene methylation and the lpa1-241 phenotype. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a paramutagenic activity not involving flavonoid biosynthesis in maize, but regarding a key enzyme of an important metabolic pathway in plants.

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The Maize Auxotrophic Mutant orange pericarp Is Defective in Duplicate Genes for Tryptophan Synthase b

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

A deletion in an indole synthase gene is responsible for the DIMBOA-deficient phenotype ofbxbx maize

A deletion in an indole synthase gene is responsible for the DIMBOA-deficient phenotype ofbxbx maize

A Comprehensive Dataset of Genes with a Loss-of-Function Mutant Phenotype in Arabidopsis

A paramutation phenomenon is involved in the genetics of maize low phytic acid1-241 (lpa1-241) trait

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