The maintenance and updating of representations of no longer visible objects and their parts

McCarthy, John D.; Erlikhman, Gennady; Caplovitz, Gideon P.

doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.07.010

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 172 publications

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“…But perhaps it is a product of form-based motion processing, which would be consistent with much of the current literature relating to dynamic object perception. Finding that simultaneous masking of a subset did not greatly impair match recognition is consistent with conclusions by McCarthy et al (2017) that simultaneous events should not be integrated if they do not appear along the same contour. Consequently, when the second subset is presented, it may be interpreted as a rotational or translational continuation of the first subset — irrespective of the mask — and vice versa.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Masking the Integration of Complementary Shape Cues

Geoly

Greene

2019

Front. Neurosci.

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Retinal and cortical mechanisms provide for persistence of visual information across intervals of many hundreds of milliseconds, which supports the integration of partial shape cues. The present experiments displayed unknown shapes in a match recognition task, wherein a target shape was quickly followed by a comparison shape; the task was to specify whether the comparison shape was the same or different from the target. The target and comparison shapes were displayed as sparse dots that marked boundary locations. The first experiment successively displayed the target shape as two complementary subsets and found that the probability of correct match remained above chance with up to 500 ms of subset separation. The second experiment demonstrated masking of the target by a random pattern of dots when the target and mask were displayed simultaneously, but with much less or no masking when the two were separated by 100 ms. The third experiment displayed the target subsets with 200 ms of separation and found that match recognition was disrupted when the random-dot mask was displayed midway between the two subsets. Much less masking of an intact target was produced with that amount of temporal separation, which suggests that mechanisms for integration of shape cues have a special vulnerability to masking. The third experiment also found very little impairment of match recognition when the mask was displayed simultaneous with one of the subsets. We hypothesize that there is embedding of the subset pattern within the mask pattern, but additional display of the other subset effectively disembeds the buried partial shape cues.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Masking the Integration of Complementary Shape Cues

Geoly

Greene

2019

Front. Neurosci.

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“…As we move through the world (or as other objects move), the input to our visual system is fragmented, both in space and time, so that at any given moment we may only see part of a shape. Therefore, in addition to processing 3-D object shape and motion, the visual system must also integrate spatiotemporally segregated information about object parts into coherent perceptual units (McCarthy et al, 2017; McCarthy, Strother, & Caplovitz, 2015; Palmer, Kellman, & Shipley, 2006). A number of behavioral studies have demonstrated that the human visual system is capable of constructing whole object percepts from dynamic and partial visual information.…”

Section: Hallmarks Of Object-related Representations In Dorsal Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This implies that, in between inducer presentations, the represented position of the square was updated to match the shape of the cutout of the next inducer to appear. In short, in order to accurately construct a percept of a rigidly rotating object from partial information, the visual system must (1) maintain position and velocity information of no-longer-visible object parts, (2) update their positions when they are no longer visible, and (3) integrate previously visible with currently visible surfaces (McCarthy et al, 2017; Palmer et al, 2006). These processes occur regularly in the recovery of shape information in dynamic environments and are critical if one aims to interact with moving objects in the world.…”

Section: Hallmarks Of Object-related Representations In Dorsal Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, with respect to what types of object properties are processed in the dorsal pathway, some have argued that dorsal cortex is critically involved in processing 3-D geometric shape information, such as surface curvature, size, and location relative to the observer (Farivar, 2009; Freud et al, 2016; Janssen, Verhoef, & Premereur, 2018; Orban, 2011). A separate branch of research has focused on the involvement of dorsal cortex in motion processing and form-motion interactions (Galletti & Fattori, 2018; McCarthy, Erlikhman, & Caplovitz, 2017). In the sections below, we relate research outcomes in 3-D shape representation and form-motion integration in dorsal cortex, with respect to their contribution to action-related object processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards a unified perspective of object shape and motion processing in human dorsal cortex

Erlikhman

Caplovitz

Gurariy

et al. 2018

Consciousness and Cognition

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Although object-related areas were discovered in human parietal cortex a decade ago, surprisingly little is known about the nature and purpose of these representations, and how they differ from those in the ventral processing stream. In this article, we review evidence for the unique contribution of object areas of dorsal cortex to three-dimensional (3-D) shape representation, the localization of objects in space, and in guiding reaching and grasping actions. We also highlight the role of dorsal cortex in form-motion interaction and spatiotemporal integration, possible functional relationships between 3-D shape and motion processing, and how these processes operate together in the service of supporting goal-directed actions with objects. Fundamental differences between the nature of object representations in the dorsal versus ventral processing streams are considered, with an emphasis on how and why dorsal cortex supports veridical (rather than invariant) representations of objects to guide goal-directed hand actions in dynamic visual environments.

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“…They confirmed that the human perceptual system contains mechanisms that compensate for fragmented boundary presentation. A subsequent study by McCarthy, Erlikhman, and Caplovitz (2017) examined how the perception of an ambiguous stimulus can be illuminated within a moving zone that frames the stimulus, i.e. a "spotlight."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating spatiotemporal integration of shape cues

Greene

Burchfield

2019

Preprint

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13Prior work has shown that humans can successfully identify letters that are constructed 14 with a sparse array of dots, wherein the dot pattern reflects the strokes that would normally be 15 used to fashion a given letter. In the present work the dots were briefly displayed, one at a time 16 in sequence, varying the spatial order in which they were shown. A forward sequence was 17 spatially ordered as though one were passing a stroke across the dots to connect them.18 Experiments compared this baseline condition to the following three conditions: a) the dot 19 sequence was spatially ordered, but in the reverse direction from how letter strokes might 20 normally be written; b) the dots in each stroke of the letter were displayed in a random order;21 c) the sequence of displayed dots were chosen for display from any location in the letter.22 Significant differences were found between the baseline condition and all three of the 23 comparison conditions, with letter recognition being far worse for the random conditions than for 24 conditions that provided consistent spatial ordering of dot sequences. These findings show that 25 spatial order is critical for integration of shape cues that have been sequentially displayed. 26 27

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The maintenance and updating of representations of no longer visible objects and their parts

Cited by 6 publications

References 172 publications

Masking the Integration of Complementary Shape Cues

Masking the Integration of Complementary Shape Cues

Towards a unified perspective of object shape and motion processing in human dorsal cortex

Evaluating spatiotemporal integration of shape cues

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