The Magnitude of Tree Breeding and the Role of near Infrared Spectroscopy

Understanding the rules of genetic recombination in controlled pollination directly related to the selection of parental genotypes and the utilization of heterosis, and genotype identification is a primary study of the genetic rules. The aims of this study were to investigate the ability of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to accurately and efficiently discriminate pure species and hybrids within the genus of Eucalyptus, to evaluate the transmission of genetic pedigree in control pollination, and reveal the genetic variation within the genotypes studied. NIR spectra were collected both from fresh leaves and dried, milled leaves of seedlings from pure species E. urophylla and E. grandis, and their F1 hybrids. Principal component analysis (PCA) scores plots of NIR spectra from fresh leaves and dry, milled powder from pure species showed clear segregation, although the species clusters were scattered, suggesting different base genetics and high genetic variation within families of the two pure species. Classification using soft independent modelling of class analogy of the NIR spectra of dried leaves was significantly better than using spectra acquired on fresh leaves, meaning the water content had an effect on the analysis. The projections and orthogonal distance between hybrids and parents, as calculated using PCA models, demonstrated the visualized spectral distance between each hybrid and the parents was very different. Clouds of individuals within a hybrid clusters varied from tightly packed to scattered, which reflected the genetic additive effects inherited from female and male parents were different, and their genetic variation was also different after genetic recombination. The varying response values for partial least squares discriminant analysis prediction verified the conclusions shown by projections and orthogonal distance. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of using NIR spectroscopy to rapidly discriminate taxon. The application of NIR spectroscopy to non-destructively confirm taxonomic identity will greatly facilitate the evaluation of the genetic basis and genetic variation available within breeding populations and for accessing the levels of contamination by non-target pollen in control pollination.

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“…Therefore, these results further show the value of NIR spectroscopy in tree breeding programmes for commercial production forestry. 30…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining Eucalyptus urophylla with its hybrid and the rules of genetic recombination using near infrared spectroscopy

Arnold

ChuBiao

et al. 2021

Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy

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“…Because NIR spectroscopy can be considered as an incalculable source of information concerning wood and its properties (Hein & Chaix, 2014) this technology has been successfully applied in breeding programs for tree selection (Schimleck, 2008). According to Meder (2015) the ability to rapidly and non-destructively predict a number of wood quality traits using NIR spectra obtained from outer wood swarf collected by portable NIR at breast height in standing trees now provides tree breeders with information on traits of economic importance on all individual trees within a breeding trial -potentially thousands of trees.…”

Section: Genetic Studies On Forest and Wood Combined With Nir Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in the use of Near Infrared Spectroscopy for improving wood quality: A review

2018

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Aims of study: Forestry-related companies require quality monitoring methods capable to pass a large number of samples. This review paper is dealing with the utilization of near infrared (NIR) technique for wood analysis.Area of study: We have a global point of view for NIR applications and characterization of different kind of wood species is considered.Material and methods: NIR spectroscopy is a fast, non-destructive technique, applicable to any biological material, demanding little or no sample preparation. NIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis serve well in laboratories where the conditions are controlled. The main challenges to NIR spectroscopy technique in field conditions are moisture content and portability.Results: In this review, the methods and challenges for successfully applying NIR spectroscopy in the field of wood characterization are presented. Portable equipment need to record NIR spectra with low noise and low sensitivity to temperature and humidity variations of the air in forest environments. Studies concerning the sample preparation effects on the robustness of the calibrations are thus required.Research highlights: This paper examines traditional applications and practical aspects as well as innovative modern adaptations applied, for example, in hyperspectral imaging and genetic studies.Additional keywords: Near Infrared Spectroscopy; wood properties; moisture; pulp; camera hyperspectral, genetic studies. Abbreviations used: MC (moisture content); PCR (principal component regression); PLS (least squares regression); R² (coefficient of determination); RMSECV (root mean square error of cross validation); r²p (determination coefficient in test set validation); RDP (ratio of performance to deviation); UV (ultraviolet); S/G (syringyl to guaiacyl ratio).

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“…However, its practical application in field/forest is challenging [9][10][11]. Portable NIR instruments were successfully used in the field for tree breeding [12][13][14], prediction of tracheid length [15], assessment of wood and fiber properties in standing mountain pine beetle-attacked trees [16], wood species recognition [17], wood moisture content prediction [18] and estimation of leaf quality [19]. However, until now, only a few applications have been implemented in real-world wood processing industries, mostly for on-line sorting of wooden products and quality control of production [20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Low-Cost Portable Spectrometers for Detection of Wood Defects

Sandak

Zitek³

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Portable spectroscopic instruments are an interesting alternative for in-field and on-line measurements. However, the practical implementation of visible-near infrared (VIS-NIR) portable sensors in the forest sector is challenging due to operation in harsh environmental conditions and natural variability of wood itself. The objective of this work was to use spectroscopic methods as an alternative to visual grading of wood quality. Three portable spectrometers covering visible and near infrared range were used for the detection of selected naturally occurring wood defects, such as knots, decay, resin pockets and reaction wood. Measurements were performed on wooden discs collected during the harvesting process, without any conditioning or sample preparation. Two prototype instruments were developed by integrating commercially available micro-electro-mechanical systems with for-purpose selected lenses and light source. The prototype modules of spectrometers were driven by an Arduino controller. Data were transferred to the PC by USB serial port. Performance of all tested instruments was confronted by two discriminant methods. The best performing was the microNIR instrument, even though the performance of custom prototypes was also satisfactory. This work was an essential part of practical implementation of VIS-NIR spectroscopy for automatic grading of logs directly in the forest. Prototype low-cost spectrometers described here formed the basis for development of a prototype hyperspectral imaging solution tested during harvesting of trees within the frame of a practical demonstration in mountain forests.

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The Magnitude of Tree Breeding and the Role of near Infrared Spectroscopy

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Defining Eucalyptus urophylla with its hybrid and the rules of genetic recombination using near infrared spectroscopy

Defining Eucalyptus urophylla with its hybrid and the rules of genetic recombination using near infrared spectroscopy

Challenges in the use of Near Infrared Spectroscopy for improving wood quality: A review

Development of Low-Cost Portable Spectrometers for Detection of Wood Defects

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