The magnitude of oral rehydration salt utilization in diarrhea hot spot regions of Ethiopia and its associated factors among under-five children: A multilevel analysis based on Bayesian approach

Abstract

BackgroundDiarrhea leads the children to severe dehydration or death as a result of the loss of water and electrolytes (namely, potassium, chloride, sodium, and bicarbonate). To compensate for the losses, ORS is given to children who experienced diarrhea.ObjectiveTo estimate the magnitude of ORS utilization in diarrhea hotspot regions of Ethiopia and to assess its associated factors among under-five children.MethodsTo conduct this study, we used the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data. A total of 1,079 weighted sample children were selected. Each sample was selected randomly. Then, to identify factors associated with ORS utilization in diarrhea hotspot regions of Ethiopia, a multilevel analysis based on the Bayesian approach was applied. Finally, the credible interval of AOR that does not include 1 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe magnitude of ORS utilization for children in diarrhea hotspot regions of Ethiopia was 28%. Being urban resident (AOR = 1.92; 95% CrI: 1.13–3.3), woman household head (AOR = 2.11; 95% CrI: 1.3–3.9), having higher educational level (AOR = 1.52; 95% CrI: 1.04–2.22), member of health insurance (AOR = 1.73; 95% CrI: 1.14–2.43), and being exposed for media (AOR = 1.43; 95% CrI: 1.18–2.5) increases ORS utilization for diarrhea management.ConclusionResidence, educational level, health insurance, and media exposure were the factors of ORS utilization. So, to increase the practice of ORS utilization for diarrhea management in Ethiopia, the Ministry of Health and the Government of Ethiopia should consider those factors when they design diarrhea prevention and control strategies.

Coutilisation of oral rehydration solution and zinc for treating diarrhoea and its associated factors among under-five children in East Africa: a multilevel robust Poisson regression

“…Our study mentioned that media exposure was one of the factors associated with diarrhoeal treatment using ORS with zinc. This finding is in line with studies conducted in India,29 Bangladesh,37 Ghana38 and Ethiopia 25 34. This may be due to the media’s important role in increasing the mother’s or caregiver’s understanding and awareness of the best ways to treat diarrhoea in children 37…”

“…The possible reason for this finding is older mothers were more likely than younger mothers to be knowledgeable about paediatric diarrhoea and how to treat it, younger mothers do not have as much exposure as older mothers about child diarrhoea and its management as maternal age can have impact on their knowledge about and how to treat it 27. This study found that maternal educational status was associated with the usage of ORS with zinc to treat under-5 diarrhoeal disease and this finding is supported by studies conducted in Pakistan,28 India,29 Nigeria,23 Cameron,30 Kenya31 and Ethiopia 21 25 32–34. This may be because educated women are more likely to take sick children to the medical facility and a woman with education is more likely than a mother without education to take her ill kid for follow-up as well as to take the ordered medication as per recommended.…”

“…As this study finds, a family’s wealth status affects the usage of ORS with zinc. This finding is supported by different studies conducted in India39 and Ethiopia 25. This is due to the fact that low-income households in LMICs, such as those in Africa, particularly in East Africa, cannot afford the expenses of healthcare services, including ORS and zinc.…”

“…This finding is supported by different studies conducted in India 39 and Ethiopia. 25 This is due to the fact that low-income households in LMICs, such as those in Africa, particularly in East Africa, cannot afford the expenses of healthcare services, including ORS and zinc. Thus, when children from low-income Open access households get diarrhoea, they might not receive ORS with zinc.…”

“…According to studies done so far, maternal education, economic status, media exposure, residency, proximity to a medical facility and health insurance coverage have all been found to influence the combination of Zinc and ORS for the treatment of diarrhoea in under 5 children 21 23–25…”