The Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy of Gadolinium

Critical properties of the paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic transition in nanocrystalline Gd diluted with Fe

“…This was done by warming the sample to a temperature significantly above T C and then cooling in zero field to a temperature just below T C . The dc magnetization was then measured in applied fields H app o 100 Oe (corrected for the magnet's remanent field) and N was approximated as the reciprocal of the initial dc susceptibility, yielding a value of 0.27 (Gaussian units) using a measured density of 7.85 g/cm 3 . Because the samples were not oriented such that the field was exactly along the c-axis, the estimated demagnetization factor is affected by the variation of the anisotropy of Gd with temperature and thus is larger than the purely geometric demagnetization factor, which was estimated to be 0.052 (Gaussian units) using the Osborn formula for uniformly magnetized ellipsoidal specimens [18].…”

“…The sharp rise in wu ext near 290 K signals the PM to FM transition. Note that there is a peak at $200 K. In bulk Gd, this peak is associated with a minimum in the anisotropy of the system (K 1 changes from positive to negative as the temperature decreases; K 2 is small and positive) [3]. We assume that the variation of the anisotropy constants with temperature is similar in nc-Gd 0.946 Fe 0.054 .…”

“…Bulk crystalline Gd has been the subject of many investigations over the past five decades [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. It is now well-established that Gd is a local-moment ferromagnet (Curie temperature T C ¼293 K) with an additional moment due to the polarization of 5d conduction electrons by the 4f local moments.…”

Gyromagnetic ratios of 4+ and 6+ states in156Gd and158Gd

“…3. Ge-spectrum of the l ~STb source gadolinium single crystals by Graham [19] and by Corner et al [20] who found that 0M increases from ~30 ~ at low temperature to a maximum of ~70 ~ at 200 K and decreases at higher temperature.…”

Spin-reorientation transitions in rare-earth magnets

“…Сначала они были интерпретированы (по ана-логии с другими тяжелыми редкоземельными металлами) как вызванные образованием геликоидальной магнитной структуры 58 . Однако после- 59,60 дующие исследования магнитной анизотропии ""•"" и проведенные на моно-кристаллах Gd нейтронографические измерения 61~63 показали, что в этой …”