The magnetite mineralizations of the Desná Group in the Silesicum, Czech Republic: petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical studies and their genetic implications

Abstract

Investigated were occurrences of magnetite-rich rocks (five of which are associated with garnetiferous rocks) situated in the Sobotín Massif (two localities) or in the adjacent gneisses of the Desná Group (six localities). As shown in previous literature, these rocks either belong to iron-formations (six localities) or are of magmatic origin (two localities). The investigations involved detailed petrographic studies supported by cathodoluminescence microscopy, whole-rock geochemical and mineral (amphibole, biotite, garnet, chlorite, magnetite, ilmenite, carbonate, feldspar and apatite) analyses. The minerals have compositions unknown to iron-formations. Instead they indicate that these may be genetically related to the basic rocks of the ?Devonian Sobotín Massif. Under late-stage and increasing oxygen fugacity conditions of the melt (of the Sobotín Massif), the Fe 3+ activity seems to have risen as well. This presumably led to progressive extraction of magnetite from the melt and its enrichment due to gravitational segregation. During this stage, apophyses, mainly composed of amphibole and magnetite, intruded in the gneisses of the Desná Group in the vicinity of the Sobotín Massif. These followed older generations of apophyses that are mainly composed of amphibole only. The garnet-rich rocks are definitely older than the studied magnetite-rich types and of the same age as the gneisses. The garnetites are inferred to represent original mixtures of precipitates from submarine exhalations and detrital material of continental-derived greywackes. In the absence of local volcanogenic activity, the sedimentary protoliths were composed exclusively of continental-derived material. During a first tectonometamorphic event, the greywacke-derived sediments were transformed into the host-rock gneiss and the mixtures into garnet-rich rocks (= granular iron-formations) identical to coticules. During a second tectonometamorphic event, all the mentioned rocks were overprinted (alignment and weak foliation of the rocks, chloritization of amphibole and biotite and the formation of actinolite from pre-existing tschermakite and magnesiohornblende, albite, carbonate and epidote). Finally, under retrograde conditions, silicification of varying intensity took place.

The iron/manganese occurrences of the Desná Unit NE of the Sobotín Amphibolite Massif, Silesicum, Czech Republic: A reply to the paper of

“…Quartz is of secondary origin mobilized during subsequent metamorphism. This origin was confirmed by Mücke and Losos (2007) by cathodoluminiscenceanalytical investigations. Garnet occurs inŠvagrov, Mnišské jámy, Kosaře and in particular in Zadní hutisko and is concentrated in the form of tiny crystals (max.…”

“…Many of the results of Mücke and Losos (2007) do not agree with the proposed genesis presented by Pouba (1970), namely, that the iron-mineralizations (apart from Rudná hora and Sylvani) are identical with banded iron-formations (BIFs). In comparison with BIFs, some of our results will be discussed and summarized in the following:…”

“…6). This is the reason that in small rock-domains, layers with garnet and 4-10 wt.% MnO alternate with Fe-rich rocks having MnOconcentrations of 0.07-0.33 wt.% only (Mücke and Losos, 2007). The garnet crystals are always enclosed in amphibole and magnetite as well as in chlorite and biotite and are therefore older than the other minerals (Fig.…”

“…Concerning the coticules, Kropáč et al (2012) confirmed the same origin as proposed by us. For the magnetite-rich rocks, on the other hand, Kropáč et al (2012) strictly followed Pouba (1970), but did neither present new results or data, nor considered the arguments of Mücke and Losos (2007). In this reply, the most important results of Mücke and Losos (2007) are discussed in comparison with banded iron-formations.…”

“…The Fe-and Mn-mineralizations of the above-mentioned localities were newly investigated by Mücke and Losos (2007 Pouba, 1970). The thickness of the ore bodies is slightly exaggerated.…”