The magnetic field and the magnetosphere of the planet Mars

Unusually distant bow shock encounters at Venus

“…When the solar wind Mach number approaches unity the bow shock appears to become greatly detached from the It is also worth noting the remarkable closure of estimates of the Martian magnetic moment or its upper limit which has taken place since the Phobos data have become available. The most recent estimate based on inversion of the magnetic field data, assuming that an intrinsic magnetosphere was entered by the Phobos spacecraft at closest approach, is 10nTm 3 [Dolginov and Zhuzgov, 1991]. The best upper limit based on the dynamic pressure dependence of the bow shock location using the assumption that the obstacle is an intrinsic magnetosphere and not the ionosphere is the same value [Zhang, 1991].…”

Preparation of As-Grown BiPbSrCaCuO Thin Films by Electron-Cyclotron-Resonance Microwave Plasma Sputtering

“…Figure 3 (a) illustrates the intensity of Martian magnetic field along orbit 2 of the Phobos 2 spacecraft observed in February, 1989(Dolginov & Zhuzgov 1991Riedler et al 1989). Figure 3 (b) shows our theoretical result when a Martian dipole moment m = 2×10 21 G cm 3 and a tail-like induced magnetic field B T = 10 nT are taken into account.…”

“…3 it can be seen that our theoretical result agrees well with the observation. (Dolginov & Zhuzgov 1991), and (b) the theoretical result calculated by our model.…”

Plasma Flow and Related Phenomena in Planetary Aeronomy

“…The observations by Venera 9, 10 and PVO spacecraft showed that Venus has no intrinsic dipole magnetic field (Dolginov et al 1978;Yeroshenko 1979;Russell et al 1980). Figure 1 illustrates the major features of the solar wind interaction with Venus's ionosphere deduced from the solar maximum measurements obtained by PVO.…”

“…The data from the Phobos 2 mission created two, controversial hypotheses: one stated that Mars has a substantial intrinsic magnetic moment (∼1.4 × 10 22 G cm 3 , Dolginov and Zhuzgov 1991) and while the other claimed that the intrinsic magnetic field of Mars is negligible (Yeroshenko et al 1990). This controversy was settled by magnetometer (MAG/ER) carried by the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) which clearly established the presence of intense crustal magnetic anomalies and set an upper bound of 2 × 10 17 A m 2 = 2 × 10 20 G cm 3 on the intrinsic dipole field at Mars (Acuna et al 1998(Acuna et al , 1999Ness et al 1999).…”