“…Location of Lezetxiki (red star) and other Paleolithic sites with human remains in the east and center of the Cantabrian Region (northern Iberian Peninsula and southwestern France). (1): La Pasiega (HS; González Echegaray & Ripoll Perelló, 1954); (2): Castillo (N, HS; Garralda, 2005; Garralda et al, 2019; Obermaier, 1925; Tejero et al, 2010; Vallois and Delmas, 1976); (3) Covalejos (N, HS; Sanguino González & Montes Barquín, 2005); (4) El Pendo (HS; Basabe, 1982); (5) Morín (HS; González Echegaray & Freeman, 1973; Obermaier, 1925); (6) Rascaño (HS; Guerrero Sala & Lorenzo Lizalde, 1981); (7) La Chora (HS; González Echegaray et al, 1963); (8) Mirón (HS; Carretero et al, 2015); (9) Arrillor (N; Bermúdez de Castro & Sáenz de Buruaga, 1999); (10) Axlor (N, HS; Basabe, 1973; Gómez‐Olivencia et al, 2020); (11) Santa Catalina (HS; Albisu Andrade et al, 2014; López‐Onaindia et al, 2021); (12) Lezetxiki (N; Basabe, 1970, This study); (13) Aitzbitarte III (HS; de la Rúa & Hervella, 2011); (14) Alkerdi (HS; Barandiarán & Cava, 2008; Cava et al, 2009); (15) Isturitz (HS; Henry‐Gambier et al, 2013); (16) Duruthy (HS; Henry‐Gambier, 2006). N, Neanderthal; HS, Homo sapiens .Source: Data by Jarvis et al (2008) and Gómez‐Olivencia et al (2020).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…F I G U R E 1 Location of Lezetxiki (red star) and other Paleolithic sites with human remains in the east and center of the Cantabrian Region (northern Iberian Peninsula and southwestern France). ( 1): La Pasiega (HS; González Echegaray & Ripoll Perell o, 1954); (2): Castillo (N, HS; Garralda, 2005;Garralda et al, 2019;Obermaier, 1925;Tejero et al, 2010;Vallois and Delmas, 1976); (3) Covalejos (N, HS; Sanguino González & Montes Barquín, 2005); (4) El Pendo (HS; Basabe, 1982); (5) Morín (HS; González Echegaray & Freeman, 1973;Obermaier, 1925); (6) Rascaño (HS; Guerrero Sala & Lorenzo Lizalde, 1981); (7) La Chora (HS; González Echegaray et al, 1963); (8) Mir on (HS; Carretero et al, 2015); (9) Arrillor (N; Bermúdez de Castro & Sáenz de Buruaga, 1999); (10) Axlor (N, HS; Basabe, 1973;G omez-Olivencia et al, 2020); (11) Santa Catalina (HS; Albisu Andrade et al, 2014;L opez-Onaindia et al, 2021); ( 12 The cave consists of a large tunnel (with an estimated surface area of nearly 300 m 2 ), whose entrance is partially collapsed, and a nine-meter thick stratigraphic sequence. Lezetxiki is often mentioned as a classic site in northern Spain, in connection with its Mousterian occupations and the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition (observed in Level III-E and F in recent seasons).…”
Objectives
We reassess the taxonomic assignment and stratigraphic context of a permanent upper first molar and a permanent lower third premolar recovered from the archeological site of Lezetxiki in the North of the Iberian Peninsula.
Materials and Methods
We assessed the external and internal morphology of the teeth using qualitative descriptions, crown diameters, dental tissue proportions, and geometric morphometrics. The teeth from Lezetxiki were compared with Middle Pleistocene specimens, Neanderthals, Upper Paleolithic modern humans, and recent modern humans.
Results
Both teeth were consistent with a Neanderthal classification. The upper first molar shows taurodontism, and its cusp proportions and overall morphology match those of Neanderthals. Geometric morphometric analyses of occlusal anatomy classify this molar as a Neanderthal with a posterior probability of 76%. The lower third premolar, which was originally classified as a lower fourth premolar, also shows a Neanderthal morphology. This premolar is classified as a Neanderthal with a posterior probability of 60%.
Discussion
These teeth represent the only adult Neanderthal teeth from the Western Pyrenees region found to date. The teeth were found at a stratigraphic level (designated Level III) that marks the transition level from Mousterian to Aurignacian, and are among the most recent Neanderthal remains from the north of the Iberian Peninsula.
“…Location of Lezetxiki (red star) and other Paleolithic sites with human remains in the east and center of the Cantabrian Region (northern Iberian Peninsula and southwestern France). (1): La Pasiega (HS; González Echegaray & Ripoll Perelló, 1954); (2): Castillo (N, HS; Garralda, 2005; Garralda et al, 2019; Obermaier, 1925; Tejero et al, 2010; Vallois and Delmas, 1976); (3) Covalejos (N, HS; Sanguino González & Montes Barquín, 2005); (4) El Pendo (HS; Basabe, 1982); (5) Morín (HS; González Echegaray & Freeman, 1973; Obermaier, 1925); (6) Rascaño (HS; Guerrero Sala & Lorenzo Lizalde, 1981); (7) La Chora (HS; González Echegaray et al, 1963); (8) Mirón (HS; Carretero et al, 2015); (9) Arrillor (N; Bermúdez de Castro & Sáenz de Buruaga, 1999); (10) Axlor (N, HS; Basabe, 1973; Gómez‐Olivencia et al, 2020); (11) Santa Catalina (HS; Albisu Andrade et al, 2014; López‐Onaindia et al, 2021); (12) Lezetxiki (N; Basabe, 1970, This study); (13) Aitzbitarte III (HS; de la Rúa & Hervella, 2011); (14) Alkerdi (HS; Barandiarán & Cava, 2008; Cava et al, 2009); (15) Isturitz (HS; Henry‐Gambier et al, 2013); (16) Duruthy (HS; Henry‐Gambier, 2006). N, Neanderthal; HS, Homo sapiens .Source: Data by Jarvis et al (2008) and Gómez‐Olivencia et al (2020).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…F I G U R E 1 Location of Lezetxiki (red star) and other Paleolithic sites with human remains in the east and center of the Cantabrian Region (northern Iberian Peninsula and southwestern France). ( 1): La Pasiega (HS; González Echegaray & Ripoll Perell o, 1954); (2): Castillo (N, HS; Garralda, 2005;Garralda et al, 2019;Obermaier, 1925;Tejero et al, 2010;Vallois and Delmas, 1976); (3) Covalejos (N, HS; Sanguino González & Montes Barquín, 2005); (4) El Pendo (HS; Basabe, 1982); (5) Morín (HS; González Echegaray & Freeman, 1973;Obermaier, 1925); (6) Rascaño (HS; Guerrero Sala & Lorenzo Lizalde, 1981); (7) La Chora (HS; González Echegaray et al, 1963); (8) Mir on (HS; Carretero et al, 2015); (9) Arrillor (N; Bermúdez de Castro & Sáenz de Buruaga, 1999); (10) Axlor (N, HS; Basabe, 1973;G omez-Olivencia et al, 2020); (11) Santa Catalina (HS; Albisu Andrade et al, 2014;L opez-Onaindia et al, 2021); ( 12 The cave consists of a large tunnel (with an estimated surface area of nearly 300 m 2 ), whose entrance is partially collapsed, and a nine-meter thick stratigraphic sequence. Lezetxiki is often mentioned as a classic site in northern Spain, in connection with its Mousterian occupations and the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition (observed in Level III-E and F in recent seasons).…”
Objectives
We reassess the taxonomic assignment and stratigraphic context of a permanent upper first molar and a permanent lower third premolar recovered from the archeological site of Lezetxiki in the North of the Iberian Peninsula.
Materials and Methods
We assessed the external and internal morphology of the teeth using qualitative descriptions, crown diameters, dental tissue proportions, and geometric morphometrics. The teeth from Lezetxiki were compared with Middle Pleistocene specimens, Neanderthals, Upper Paleolithic modern humans, and recent modern humans.
Results
Both teeth were consistent with a Neanderthal classification. The upper first molar shows taurodontism, and its cusp proportions and overall morphology match those of Neanderthals. Geometric morphometric analyses of occlusal anatomy classify this molar as a Neanderthal with a posterior probability of 76%. The lower third premolar, which was originally classified as a lower fourth premolar, also shows a Neanderthal morphology. This premolar is classified as a Neanderthal with a posterior probability of 60%.
Discussion
These teeth represent the only adult Neanderthal teeth from the Western Pyrenees region found to date. The teeth were found at a stratigraphic level (designated Level III) that marks the transition level from Mousterian to Aurignacian, and are among the most recent Neanderthal remains from the north of the Iberian Peninsula.
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