The Macklin Effect in COVID-19

Iqbal, Noreena; Malik, Ayesha; Chaudhry, Manahil

doi:10.7759/cureus.16949

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In the cases of pneumomediastinum secondary to COVID-19, the hypothesis has been that there is a loss of alveolar membrane integrity due to diffuse alveolardamage [1] . This mechanism, known as the Macklin effect, states that alveolar rupture due to direct alveolar injury causes air to leak, dissect the bronchovascular sheaths, and diffuse into the mediastinum [ 5 , 6 ]. Once this occurs, the air tracks into the subcutaneous tissues leading to subcutaneous emphysema in about 70% of cases [7] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumomediastinum due to spontaneous tracheal breach in COVID-19

Glendinning

Hill

Forte

2022

Radiology Case Reports

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumomediastinum due to spontaneous tracheal breach in COVID-19

Glendinning

Hill

Forte

2022

Radiology Case Reports

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“…Pressure in the mediastinum is relieved by the escape of the air into the subcutaneous tissue resulting in subcutaneous emphysema, mainly at the root of the neck, as the cervical fascia is continuous with the mediastinum. Air can then further tract to various cavities causing pneumothorax, pneumopericardium, and retroperitoneal emphysema (Figure 1 )[ 19 ].…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Air leaks in COVID-19

Juneja¹,

Kataria²,

Singh³

2022

WJV

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to create havoc and may present with myriad complications involving many organ systems. However, the respiratory system bears the maximum brunt of the disease and continues to be most commonly affected. There is a high incidence of air leaks in patients with COVID-19, leading to acute worsening of clinical condition. The air leaks may develop independently of the severity of disease or positive pressure ventilation and even in the absence of any traditional risk factors like smoking and un-derlying lung disease. The exact pathophysiology of air leaks with COVID-19 remains unclear, but multiple factors may play a role in their development. A significant proportion of air leaks may be asymptomatic; hence, a high index of suspicion should be exercised for enabling early diagnosis to prevent further deterioration as it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. These air leaks may even develop weeks to months after the disease onset, leading to acute deterioration in the post-COVID period. Conservative management with close monitoring may suffice for many patients but most of the patients with pneumothorax may require intercostal drainage with only a few requiring surgical interventions for persistent air leaks.

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The Macklin Effect in COVID-19

Cited by 2 publications

References 14 publications

Pneumomediastinum due to spontaneous tracheal breach in COVID-19

Pneumomediastinum due to spontaneous tracheal breach in COVID-19

Air leaks in COVID-19

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