The Macadamia bloom – What are the hydrological implications?

Shabalala, Mlungisi; Toucher, Michele; Clulow, Alistair D.

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110628

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Macadamia nuts are the fastest growing tree crop industry in the country and their production is lucrative. The demand for macadamia nuts globally is high and South Africa is currently the largest producer (in tonnes per hectare) in the world [39,42,43]. Large-scale macadamia farmers in the Vhembe district produce macadamia nuts for export and are also owners or partners in processing plants such as the Royal Macadamia located in Thohoyandou, Limpopo and Green Farms Nut Company in Levubu, Limpopo.…”

Section: R1 Large-scale Processing and Export Loopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scenarios for Sustainable Farming Systems for Macadamia Nuts and Mangos Using a Systems Dynamics Lens in the Vhembe District, Limpopo South Africa

Materechera

Scholes

2022

Agriculture

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Agriculture is arguably one of the most important economic sectors for South Africa’s development as it is directly linked to food security. Farming systems in South Africa have been characterized by a duality where large-scale commercial farmers and small-scale farmers co-exist. The conventional approach to understanding agricultural production in the country has always viewed the two farming systems as mutually exclusive. The study argues that there are various points of interaction between the two kinds of farmers and by using a systems dynamics approach to evaluate the two farming systems this can be applied to agricultural decision making. Data were used to identify and characterise small- and large-scale farming systems of two tree crops (mangos—Mangifera indica L. and macadamia nuts—Macadamia integrifolia M&B.) in the Vhembe district of Limpopo South Africa. The interactions between the two different farmers are illustrated using Causal Loop Diagrams (CLDs) of the two farming systems under similar commodities. Results, presented as four conceptual scenarios, show that there are multiple points of interaction, such as the interdependence of farmers of macadamia nuts to meet export demands. Policy recommendations to strengthen collaboration between small-scale mango farmers and implement irrigation expansion for farmers who depend on rain-fed farming are discussed and present opportunities for the co-functioning of the two farming systems.

show abstract

Section: R1 Large-scale Processing and Export Loopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scenarios for Sustainable Farming Systems for Macadamia Nuts and Mangos Using a Systems Dynamics Lens in the Vhembe District, Limpopo South Africa

Materechera

Scholes

2022

Agriculture

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche. ), belonging to the genus Macadamia, is native to the subtropical rainforests of southeastern Queensland and northeastern New South Wales, Australia [1]. Macadamia fruit comprises the husk, shell, and kernel [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of the Main Nutrient Components of the Fruits of Different Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) Cultivars in Rocky Desertification Areas and a Comprehensive Evaluation of the Mineral Element Contents

Kang,

Guo,

et al. 2024

Horticulturae

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aims to understand the main nutrient composition and comprehensively evaluate the differences in the mineral element contents of fruits of different macadamia cultivars, as well as screen good cultivars that are suitable for use in rocky desert mountains. Nine macadamia nut cultivars were selected as test materials in rocky desert mountain orchards. The contents of crude fat, crude protein, and total soluble sugar in kernels and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and B in peels and kernels were determined, respectively. Then, the kernels’ mineral element contents were comprehensively evaluated based on principal component analysis. The results showed that the kernels were rich in crude fat, protein, and soluble sugar, with the crude fat content reaching 75% or greater, and the variation among cultivars was small. However, the variation in soluble sugar content was extensive. The content of mineral elements varied in different cultivars and parts of the fruit, with the average macronutrient content being K > N > Ca > P > Mg in the pericarp and N > K > P > Mg > Ca in the kernel, and the content of micronutrients in the pericarp and the kernel being Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu > B. By principal component analysis, the 10 mineral nutrient indexes were calculated as four principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 88.051%. Using the affiliation function value method and the calculation of the comprehensive evaluation value, the nine cultivars could be classified into three categories. The cultivar with the highest comprehensive evaluation value of the mineral element content was O.C. The one with the lowest value was H2, which indicated that O.C is a suitable variety for popularization in rocky desert mountainous areas. Stepwise regression analysis concluded that P, K, Fe, Mn, and Cu were the indicators significantly influencing the mineral element content of macadamia nuts and fruits in rocky desert mountains.

show abstract

“…During that, time Hawaii was the world's largest producer [14]. The Macadamia Nuts tree does not produce seeds in its infant/early stage that can be of commercial quantities of seeds until it is 7-10 years old but once it's mature it can produce the nuts for over 100 years [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of South Africa Macadamia Nuts and its Utilization for Biodiesel Production

Mojapelo,

Imoisili,

Jen

et al. 2024

KEM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Demands for energy are rising as the world's population expands. To meet these demands, fossil fuels have been overused, yet this over reliance on them has led to their depletion. The usage of fossil fuels has also significantly contributed to the release of greenhouse gases, which is a serious environmental concern. Sustainable energy is therefore environmentally friendly and financially sound. Petro-diesel can be replaced by biodiesel because it is biodegradable and less hazardous. Biofuel is any fuel produced from biomass, which can be either animal fats or waste, plant or algae material as a feedstock. Biomass benefits in producing fuels which helps to lessen the demand for petroleum fuel and products. Petroleum fuel and gas increase the greenhouse gas emissions profile of the transportation sector. The Republic of South Africa (RSA) is the 14th world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases. This is due to the emissions resulting from burning and heavy reliance on coal. Since biofuel can be produced domestically from natural sources like soybeans, rapeseed, macadamia nuts, coconuts, and even leftover cooking, it has the potential to serve as a remarkable substitute for the commonly used petroleum-derived diesel fuel. This study addresses the historical development of macadamia nuts with a focus on the South African Macadamia Nuts (SAMN) industry, its origin, and as a feedstock for biodiesel production. The generation and classification of biodiesel, physicochemical properties, biodiesel standards, and both American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), European Committee for Standardization (EN 14214), and South African biodiesel framework standards are discussed. Furthermore, the biodiesel blending requirements, techniques, and benefits were outlined. Finally, the biodiesel regulatory framework of SA and biodiesel framework as per the Biodiesel Task team (BTT) was examined.

show abstract

The Macadamia bloom – What are the hydrological implications?

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Scenarios for Sustainable Farming Systems for Macadamia Nuts and Mangos Using a Systems Dynamics Lens in the Vhembe District, Limpopo South Africa

Scenarios for Sustainable Farming Systems for Macadamia Nuts and Mangos Using a Systems Dynamics Lens in the Vhembe District, Limpopo South Africa

An Analysis of the Main Nutrient Components of the Fruits of Different Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) Cultivars in Rocky Desertification Areas and a Comprehensive Evaluation of the Mineral Element Contents

Development of South Africa Macadamia Nuts and its Utilization for Biodiesel Production

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About