The lymphoid cell network in the skin

Tikoo, Shweta; Jain, Rohit; Kurz, Angela R.M.; Weninger, Wolfgang

doi:10.1111/imcb.12026

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Human skin contains two times more T cells than the peripheral circulation, and most are tissue‐resident memory T (Trm) cells. Skin Trm cells are typically CD8‐positive T cells that reside in the epidermis because of their expression of integrin alpha E (CD103), which prevents departure from the epidermis and contributes to the formation, survival, and retention of Trm cells in the skin 9 . Epidermal CD103 expression is a relatively sensitive and specific marker for epidermal Trm cells 5 .…”

Section: Dhr/ud Eczema Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathologic and immunophenotypic features of idiopathic dermal hypersensitivity reaction/urticarial dermatitis: A clinicopathologic study

et al. 2020

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Section: Dhr/ud Eczema Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathologic and immunophenotypic features of idiopathic dermal hypersensitivity reaction/urticarial dermatitis: A clinicopathologic study

et al. 2020

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“…The immune cells that are present in the skin at the site of infection likely play a vital role in local control of virus replication or inflammation, or both, prior to the recruitment of innate and adaptive effector cells.  T cells reside in the dermis and epidermis of the skin [48], and mice lacking  T cells are deficient in control of systemic VACV infection [7][8][9][10] and other poxviruses [49][50][51][52][53]. To visualize the interaction of  T cells and VACV within the skin, we inoculated WT mice with VACV-GFP using a bifurcated needle, a method that both generates easily identifiable foci of infection, and mimics the route of human immunization with VACV.…”

Section: Infected and Uninfected  T Cells In The Skin Are Present Imentioning

confidence: 99%

γδ T cells mediate a requisite portion of a wound healing response triggered by cutaneous poxvirus infection

Reider

Lin

Krouse

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Infection at peripheral sites, such as the skin, activates local innate immune defenses tasked with limiting spread of the pathogen while preserving tissue integrity. T cells bearing γδ T Cell Receptors (TCR), which comprise multiple phenotypically distinct subtypes of cells, reside in normal skin, where they shape immunity to cutaneous infection, prior to onset of an adaptive immune response by conventional αβ CD4+ (TCD4+) and CD8+ (TCD8+) T cells. The mechanisms used by γδ T cells to control virus replication and tissue pathology following cutaneous infection are unknown, so we examined the role of γδ T cells in the response to cutaneous infection with vaccinia virus (VACV). Resident γδ T cells in the skin expanded and combined with recruited γδ T cells to control the pathology observed after cutaneous VACV infection. However, we observed no defect in control of local virus replication or increased systemic spread in mice lacking γδ T cells, despite induction of a cytolytic response in a specialized subset of resident γδ T cells. While examining γδ T cell-mediated control of tissue pathology following cutaneous VACV infection, we identified a unique wound healing signature associated with cutaneous virus infection that has features that are common to, but also features that antagonize, the sterile cutaneous wound healing response. Typically, tissue repair is thought to occur only after clearance of a pathogen, but the viral wound healing signature was evident prior to the peak of virus replication in the skin. Resident and recruited γδ T cells contributed to this wound healing signature through induction of multiple cytokines and growth factors required for efficient wound closure. Therefore, γδ T cells are early mediators of the wound healing response following cutaneous virus infection and are likely important in maintenance of skin barrier function and prevention of secondary bacterial infection.Author Summaryγδ T cells resident in the skin are among the first immune cell types positioned to be able to respond to a virus infection of the skin. Therefore, it was assumed that these cells in the skin play a role similar to their role after widespread infection throughout the body, namely to kill virus infected cells and slow virus replication and spread. However, we found no role for γδ T cells in control of virus replication after infection of the skin. Rather, the γδ T cells functioned as a critical component of a previously unrecognized wound healing response that is started early after virus infection of the skin, and occurs at the same time as the immune response that aims to clear the virus. This study is the first to describe both the early wound healing response after virus infection, and the role of γδ T cells in that response, and this information could allow manipulation of this response to decrease secondary bacterial infection and change scarring after virus skin infections.

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“…Several immune cell types reside in the skin and act as essential sentinels ( 15 ). These include memory T cells, Langerhans cells and other types of dendritic cells (DC), macrophages, mast cells and innate lymphoid cells that collectively form a dense network that underlies the entire skin surface ( 15 , 16 ). Localized at the frontline, keratinocytes are fundamental in protecting us against infections.…”

Section: Migration To the Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Melanoma and Other Cancers

et al. 2018

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The tumor microenvironment is highly heterogeneous. It is composed of a diverse array of immune cells that are recruited continuously into lesions. They are guided into the tumor through interactions between chemokines and their receptors. A variety of chemokine receptors are expressed on the surface of both tumor and immune cells rendering them sensitive to multiple stimuli that can subsequently influence their migration and function. These features significantly impact tumor fate and are critical in melanoma control and progression. Indeed, particular chemokine receptors expressed on tumor and immune cells are strongly associated with patient prognosis. Thus, potential targeting of chemokine receptors is highly attractive as a means to quench or eliminate unconstrained tumor cell growth.

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The lymphoid cell network in the skin

Cited by 9 publications

References 103 publications

Histopathologic and immunophenotypic features of idiopathic dermal hypersensitivity reaction/urticarial dermatitis: A clinicopathologic study

Histopathologic and immunophenotypic features of idiopathic dermal hypersensitivity reaction/urticarial dermatitis: A clinicopathologic study

γδ T cells mediate a requisite portion of a wound healing response triggered by cutaneous poxvirus infection

Targeting Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Melanoma and Other Cancers

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