The lymphatics of the breast

Turner-Warwick, Richard

doi:10.1002/bjs.18004620004

Cited by 311 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

108

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…All regions of the breast can drain to the IMN with similar frequency [35][36][37]. Proponents of evaluating the IMN basin if lymphatic mapping points to this site as primary drainage argue that this is the whole purpose of the SLN theory.…”

Section: Breastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status of Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Biopsy: Facts and Controversies

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy were first reported in 1977 by Cabanas for penile cancer. Since that time, the technique has become rapidly assimilated into clinical practice. Morton first described the application of lymphatic mapping for melanoma only a decade ago, and this technique is now accepted as the standard of care. The application for lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer remains approximately 5 years behind its utilization in melanoma.This technique has the potential to be utilized in all solid tumors. The rapid assent of this technique in clinical practice is the result of multiple factors, including accuracy, decreased morbidity, and supplying the pathologist with only a few nodes to allow a more focused and sensitive pathologic evaluation. Despite the success and acceptance of lymphatic mapping, many controversies remain. We have attempted to clearly highlight these controversies in this review.

show abstract

Section: Breastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status of Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Biopsy: Facts and Controversies

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In fact, early anatomical studies proposed by Sappey described a centripetal lymphatic drainage toward the areolar plexus, thus justifing the rationale of NAC resection [15,44] . Contrarily, recent anatomical studies demonstrated a lymphatic drainage to the deep pectoral plexus [44,55,56] . Concerning the clinical aspects, recent studies have noted that the risk of tumor involvement of the NAC has been magnified [38,[41][42][43] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Immediate nipple-areola-sparing mastectomy reconstruction: An update on oncological and reconstruction techniques

Munhoz

Montag

Filassi

et al. 2014

WJCO

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is a safe technique in patients who are candidates for conservation breast surgery. However, there is worry concerning its oncological safety and surgical outcome in terms of postoperative complications. The authors reviewed the literature to evaluate the oncological safety, patient selection, surgical techniques, and also to identify the factors influencing postoperative outcome and complication rates. Patient selection and safety related to NSM are based on oncological and anatomical parameters. Among the main criteria, the oncological aspects include the clinical stage of breast cancer, tumor characteristics and location including small, peripherally located tumors, without multicentricity, or for prophylactic mastectomy. Surgical success depends on coordinated planning with the oncological surgeon and In general, the NSM reconstruction is related to autologous and alloplastic techniques and sometimes include contra-lateral breast surgery. Choice of reconstructive technique following NSM requires accurate consideration of various patient related factors, including: breast volume, degree of ptosis, areola size, clinical factors, and surgeon's experience. In addition, tumor related factors include dimension, location and proximity to the nipple-areola complex. Regardless of the fact that there is no unanimity concerning the appropriate technique, the criteria are determined by the surgeon' s experience and the anatomical aspects of the breast. The positive aspects of the technique utilized should include low interference with the oncological treatment, reproducibility, and long-term results. Selected patients can have safe outcomes and therefore this may be a feasible option for early breast cancer management. However, available data demonstrates that NSM can be safely performed for breast cancer treatment in selected cases. Additional studies and longer follow-up are necessary to define consistent selection criteria for NSM.© 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.Key words: Breast reconstruction; Skin-sparing mastectomy; Nipple-sparing mastectomy; Outcome; Complications; Silicone breast implants; Tissue expanders; Oncoplastic surgery Core tip: In selected patients, nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) has allowed an adequate oncologic control with satisfactory aesthetic outcome. In addition, utilizing the native breast skin optimizes the aesthetic outcome of the reconstructed breast and minimizes postmastectomy deformity. The satisfactory results are due to a close collaboration with the oncological surgical ed the technique for benign diseases, however he did not report the procedure for oncological objectives or as a risk-reduction alternative [10,11] . Recently, there has been an increase in clinical experience studies of NSM for breast cancer prophylaxis or early cancer treatment, evidencing revived interest in this surgical procedure [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43...

show abstract

“…Many studies on lymphatic drainage of the breast have confirmed the importance of the IM basin as a second draining route in breast cancer [76,77]. As a consequence, IMC lymph node dissection (IMC-LND) was part of the standard surgical Firstly, IM-SLNB is not performed routinely, as opposed to A-SLNB, because many breast surgeons have concerns about the rate of complications of the procedure, due to the lack of technical expertise and familiarity with the route of access.…”

Section: Internal Mammary Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy In Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 97%

Current issues in breast surgery

Maráz¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The lymphatics of the breast

Cited by 311 publications

References 6 publications

Current Status of Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Biopsy: Facts and Controversies

Current Status of Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Biopsy: Facts and Controversies

Immediate nipple-areola-sparing mastectomy reconstruction: An update on oncological and reconstruction techniques

Current issues in breast surgery

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About