The Lung Adenocarcinoma Microenvironment Mining and Its Prognostic Merit

Abstract

Background: As a common pathological type of lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is mainly treated by surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and radiotherapy. Although a relatively mature treatment system has been established, there are few studies on the microenvironment of LUAD. Material and Methods: The immune and stromal scores of patients from the LUAD cohort in the TCGA database were obtained by using ESTIMATE. The relationship of immune and stromal scores with the clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival of LUAD patients was assessed by R. GO, KEGG and Cox regression analyses were employed to analyze intersecting genes and to identify reliable prognostic markers. The identified genes were also analyzed in the GEPIA database to assess their correlations with survival, and these relationships were verified with the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database. Results: The immune score was related to the survival time and tumor topography of LUAD patients. There was a significant correlation between stromal score and tumor metastasis. Through multivariate analysis, stage (HR = 1.640, 95% CI = 1.019-2.642, P = 0.042) and risk score (HR = 1.036, 95% CI = 1.026-1.046, P < 0.001). The genes (ARHGAP15, BTLA, CASS4, CLECL1, FAM129C, STAP1, TESPA1, and S100P) showed credible prognostic value in LUAD patients in TCGA through GEPIA database online analysis and verification in the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. Conclusions: In the microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma, the differentially expressed genes screened by immune score and stromal score have certain value in evaluating the survival/prognosis of patients, as well as the invasion and progression of tumors.

Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Prognostic and Immunological Role of Thymocyte-Expressed Positive Selection-Associated Protein 1 (TESPA1) in Human Tumors

“…The expression of TESPA1 in every stage of lung adenocarcinoma is also shown obvious difference. Previous study has obtained the consistent results and proposed prognostic value of TESPA1 [13]. Our results demonstrated the prognostic value of TESPA1 in lung adenocarcinoma, and the possible of its value in lung adenocarcinoma treatment.…”

“…Owing to the close relationship between TESPA1 and immune system, more and more attention focused on the role of TESPA1 in cancer. Novelty, TESPA1 has been discovered credible prognostic value in evaluating the survival/prognosis of patients, invasion and progression of tumors in LUAD patients [13]. Whether TESPA1 plays a role in the pathogenesis of different tumors through some common molecular mechanisms remains unclear.…”

“…Given the important role of these signaling pathways and immune in cancer, increasing focus is being placed on understanding the role of TESPA1 in cancer. TESPA1 has been shown credible prognostic value in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients in TCGA through GEPIA database online analysis and veri cation in the Kaplan-Meier plotter database [13].…”

Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma via delivery of siBIRC5 and AS-ODN

“…Lung adenocarcinoma is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, accounting for approximately 1.8 million deaths across the world in 2020, with high mortality rate reported [ 1 – 3 ]. There have been great advancements in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma, amounting to chemotherapy, targeted therapy and radiotherapy in the current day [ 4 ]. Radiotherapy remains one of most common treatments for lung adenocarcinoma due to its ability to reduce metastasis occurrence, yet radiosensitivity encountered during the course of radiotherapy remains a limiting factor for achieving higher therapeutic effects [ 5 ].…”

Analysis of Clinical Implications and Immune Landscape in Prognostic Model based on Immune Cell Signatures for Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients

“…STAP1 was reported to recruit signaling pathway related proteins involved in the B cells receptor signal transduction pathways responsible for immune regulation 35 . Recently, several studies have develop robust risk models to predict the prognosis of lung cancer based on STAP1 expression [36][37][38] . However, the role of STAP1 protein in cancer remains worthy of further investigation.…”