The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment

Paige, D. A.; Foote, M. C.; Greenhagen, B. T.; Schofield, J. T.; Calcutt, S. B.; Vasavada, A. R.; Preston, Daniel J.; Taylor, F. W.; Allen, Carlton C.; Snook, Kelly; Jakosky, B. M.; Murray, Bruce C.; Soderblom, Laurence A.; Jau, Bruno M.; Loring, S.; Bulharowski, J.; Bowles, Neil E.; Thomas, Ian; Sullivan, Mark; Avis, Charles; Jong, E. M. De; Hartford, W.; McCleese, D. J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6391-8_7

Cited by 49 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Abundant secondary craters from the Orientale basin cover the south polar area [Spudis et al, 2009]. Both polar regions contain large amounts of permanently shadowed terrain, thought on the basis of theory to be very cold (less than 100 K) [Vasavada et al, 1999;Paige et al, 2010a] and subsequently shown from Diviner data to be as cold as 25 K in some areas [Paige et al, 2010b] and thus, are located where water ice might be stable for geologically long periods of time (>1 Ga) [Vasavada et al, 1999].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The LRO Diviner thermal emission spectrometer on LRO mapped surface temperatures over the course of several years, yielding mean annual surface temperature maps [Paige et al, 2010a[Paige et al, , 2010b. This mapping shows large areas near both poles with surface temperatures less than 104 K, the temperature below which water is permanently stable Figure 7.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for water ice on the Moon: Results for anomalous polar craters from the LRO Mini‐RF imaging radar

et al. 2013

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[1] The Mini-RF radar instrument on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft mapped both lunar poles in two different RF wavelengths (complete mapping at 12.6 cm S-band and partial mapping at 4.2 cm X-band) in two look directions, removing much of the ambiguity of previous Earth-and spacecraft-based radar mapping of the Moon's polar regions. The poles are typical highland terrain, showing expected values of radar cross section (albedo) and circular polarization ratio (CPR). Most fresh craters display high values of CPR in and outside the crater rim; the pattern of these CPR distributions is consistent with high levels of wavelength-scale surface roughness associated with the presence of block fields, impact melt flows, and fallback breccia. A different class of polar crater exhibits high CPR only in their interiors, interiors that are both permanently dark and very cold (less than 100 K). Application of scattering models developed previously suggests that these anomalously high-CPR deposits exhibit behavior consistent with the presence of water ice. If this interpretation is correct, then both poles may contain several hundred million tons of water in the form of relatively "clean" ice, all within the upper couple of meters of the lunar surface. The existence of significant water ice deposits enables both long-term human habitation of the Moon and the creation of a permanent cislunar space transportation system based upon the harvest and use of lunar propellant.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for water ice on the Moon: Results for anomalous polar craters from the LRO Mini‐RF imaging radar

et al. 2013

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“…Using our model, we can compute the temporal variation in the surface temperature from a given set of parameters, such as the grain size and density of the material. By comparing the diurnal temperature profile based on [33][34][35] For asteroids, a thermal infrared imager (TIR) onboard the Hayabusa2 spacecraft is planning to observe asteroid 162173 Ryugu. 36 TIR measurements will play an important role in estimating the grain size on the surface of Ryugu, and subsequently to judge the potential sites for touchdown and regolith sample collection by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft.…”

Section: Applications Of Developed Thermal Conductivity Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal conductivity model for powdered materials under vacuum based on experimental studies

et al. 2017

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The thermal conductivity of powdered media is characteristically very low in vacuum, and is effectively dependent on many parameters of their constituent particles and packing structure. Understanding of the heat transfer mechanism within powder layers in vacuum and theoretical modeling of their thermal conductivity are of great importance for several scientific and engineering problems. In this paper, we report the results of systematic thermal conductivity measurements of powdered media of varied particle size, porosity, and temperature under vacuum using glass beads as a model material. Based on the obtained experimental data, we investigated the heat transfer mechanism in powdered media in detail, and constructed a new theoretical thermal conductivity model for the vacuum condition. This model enables an absolute thermal conductivity to be calculated for a powder with the input of a set of powder parameters including particle size, porosity, temperature, and compressional stress or gravity, and vice versa. Our model is expected to be a competent tool for several scientific and engineering fields of study related to powders, such as the thermal infrared observation of air-less planetary bodies, thermal evolution of planetesimals, and performance of thermal insulators and heat storage powders. © 2017 Author (s)

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“…Surface temperature is considered equivalent to brightness temperature because the moon soil emissivity in the wavelengths of the three channels is considered equal to 1. This condition is verified by the high correlation between the different channels (Paige et al 2010). …”

Section: Temperature Mapsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The first one allows the generation and update of one pre-processed set of 3D-grid data containing an aggregation of all brightness temperature measurements from LRO DLRE (Paige et al 2010) in three thermal channels (7, 8 and 9) of the instrument since the beginning of the observations. These three brightness temperature values provided in DLRE RDR tables in the NASA PDS supply the 3D-grid established with a predefined time step and spatial resolution for a typical lunar day on the whole moon surface, excluding the effect of eclipses and other incoherent data (filtered using quality flags).…”

Section: Temperature Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landsafe: Landing Site Risk Analysis Software Framework

Schmidt

Bostelmann

Cornet

et al. 2012

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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Commission IV, WG IV/7KEY WORDS: Extra-terrestrial, Mapping, Analysis, Visualization, DEM/DTM, Decision Support, Expert System, Planetary ABSTRACT:The European Space Agency (ESA) is planning a Lunar Lander mission in the 2018 timeframe that will demonstrate precise soft landing at the polar regions of the Moon. To ensure a safe and successful landing a careful risk analysis has to be carried out. This is comprised of identifying favorable target areas and evaluating the surface conditions in these areas. Features like craters, boulders, steep slopes, rough surfaces and shadow areas have to be identified in order to assess the risk associated to a landing site in terms of a successful touchdown and subsequent surface operation of the lander. In addition, global illumination conditions at the landing site have to be simulated and analyzed. The Landing Site Risk Analysis software framework (LandSAfe) is a system for the analysis, selection and certification of safe landing sites on the lunar surface. LandSAfe generates several data products including high resolution digital terrain models (DTMs), hazard maps, illumination maps, temperature maps and surface reflectance maps which assist the user in evaluating potential landing site candidates. This paper presents the LandSAfe system and describes the methods and products of the different modules. For one candidate landing site on the rim of Shackleton crater at the south pole of the Moon a high resolution DTM is showcased.

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The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment

Cited by 49 publications

References 18 publications

Evidence for water ice on the Moon: Results for anomalous polar craters from the LRO Mini‐RF imaging radar

Evidence for water ice on the Moon: Results for anomalous polar craters from the LRO Mini‐RF imaging radar

Thermal conductivity model for powdered materials under vacuum based on experimental studies

Landsafe: Landing Site Risk Analysis Software Framework

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