The lunar mascons revisited

Arkani‐Hamed, J.

doi:10.1029/97je02815

Cited by 60 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Units in Mare Serenitatis estimated to be younger than 3.0 byr have been identified (Boyce, 1976) and some may be as young as 2.44 byr (Hiesinger et al:, 2001). The total thickness of the basalt sequence in Serenitatis and other mascon maria is estimated to be 2 4 km or as much as 3-6 km (Sjogren et al, 1974;Head, 1979, 1980;Arkani-Hamed, 1998;Williams and Zuber, 1998). Thus, the present surface of Mare Serenitatis reflects a long period of volcanism, subsidence, and deformation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The topography and gravity of Mare Serenitatis: implications for subsidence of the mare surface

Watters

Konopliv

2001

Planetary and Space Science

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The topography and gravity of Mare Serenitatis: implications for subsidence of the mare surface

Watters

Konopliv

2001

Planetary and Space Science

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“…Several processes have been proposed to explain the formation and support mechanism of lunar mascons (10,15). After a giant impact, according to one scenario, the extensive excavation of lunar material resulted in crater relaxation, a strong thermal anomaly, and high amounts of stress within the crust (16 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Improved Gravity Field of the Moon from Lunar Prospector

Konopliv

Binder

Hood

et al. 1998

Science

250

185

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An improved gravity model from Doppler tracking of the Lunar Prospector (LP) spacecraft reveals three new large mass concentrations (mascons) on the nearside of the moon beneath the impact basins Mare Humboltianum, Mendel-Ryberg, and Schiller-Zucchius, where the latter basin has no visible mare fill. Although there is no direct measurement of the lunar farside gravity, LP partially resolves four mascons in the large farside basins of Hertzsprung, Coulomb-Sarton, Freundlich-Sharonov, and Mare Moscoviense. The center of each of these basins contains a gravity maximum relative to the surrounding basin. The improved normalized polar moment of inertia (0.3932 ± 0.0002) is consistent with an iron core with a radius of 220 to 450 kilometers.

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“…The spatial agreement between two data sets can be evaluated using spherical harmonic coefficients by computing the degree correlation measure (Arkani-Hamed, 1998;Tapley et al, 2004a) following Eq. (5):…”

Section: Evaluating Spatial Agreement In the Spherical Harmonics Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the hydrological consistency of evaporation products using satellite-based gravity and rainfall data

López

Houborg

McCabe

2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Advances in space-based observations have provided the capacity to develop regional-to global-scale estimates of evaporation, offering insights into this key component of the hydrological cycle. However, the evaluation of large-scale evaporation retrievals is not a straightforward task. While a number of studies have intercompared a range of these evaporation products by examining the variance amongst them, or by comparison of pixel-scale retrievals against ground-based observations, there is a need to explore more appropriate techniques to comprehensively evaluate remote-sensing-based estimates. One possible approach is to establish the level of product agreement between related hydrological components: for instance, how well do evaporation patterns and response match with precipitation or water storage changes? To assess the suitability of this "consistency"-based approach for evaluating evaporation products, we focused our investigation on four globally distributed basins in arid and semi-arid environments, comprising the Colorado River basin, Niger River basin, Aral Sea basin, and Lake Eyre basin. In an effort to assess retrieval quality, three satellite-based global evaporation products based on different methodologies and input data, including CSIRO-PML, the MODIS Global Evapotranspiration product (MOD16), and Global Land Evaporation: the Amsterdam Methodology (GLEAM), were evaluated against rainfall data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) along with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) water storage anomalies. To ensure a fair comparison, we evaluated consistency using a degree correlation approach after transforming both evaporation and precipitation data into spherical harmonics. Overall we found no persistent hydrological consistency in these dryland environments. Indeed, the degree correlation showed oscillating values between periods of low and high water storage changes, with a phase difference of about 2-3 months. Interestingly, after imposing a simple lag in GRACE data to account for delayed surface runoff or baseflow components, an improved match in terms of degree correlation was observed in the Niger River basin. Significant improvements to the degree correlations (from ∼ 0 to about 0.6) were also found in the Colorado River basin for both the CSIRO-PML and GLEAM products, while MOD16 showed only half of that improvement. In other basins, the variability in the temporal pattern of degree correlations remained considerable and hindered any clear differentiation between the evaporation products. Even so, it was found that a constant lag of 2 months provided a better fit compared to other alternatives, including a zero lag. From a product assessment perspective, no significant or persistent advantage could be discerned across any of the three evaporation products in terms of a sustained hydrological consistency with precipitation and water storage anomaly data. As a result, our analysis has implications in terms of the confidence that can be placed in ind...

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The lunar mascons revisited

Cited by 60 publications

References 56 publications

The topography and gravity of Mare Serenitatis: implications for subsidence of the mare surface

The topography and gravity of Mare Serenitatis: implications for subsidence of the mare surface

Improved Gravity Field of the Moon from Lunar Prospector

Evaluating the hydrological consistency of evaporation products using satellite-based gravity and rainfall data

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