This review deals with the formation and physical properties of noncrystalline materials in oxide and nonoxide systems. Structural aspects are also developed. Oxide materials are silica‐based glasses, borate, and phosphate glasses, while nonoxide systems include halide and chalcogenide glasses. They are described in terms of chemical compositions and thermal and optical properties. Special attention is paid to the unique properties of nonoxide glasses for infrared‐light transmission and rare earth emissions. Some applications in the fields of infrared optics, infrared fiber sensors, fiber lasers, and amplifiers are shown. In a special section, the formation and properties of metallic glasses are presented, with special focus on chemical, magnetic, and mechanical properties.