The lumbar spine and low back pain in golf: a literature review of swing biomechanics and injury prevention

Gluck, George S.; Bendo, John A.; Spivak, Jeffrey M.

doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2007.07.388

Cited by 120 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…However, the differential rotation of hips and shoulders also increases the torsional load in the spine (Gluck et al, 2008), and increased flexion may increase disc pressure and low back injury risk (Lindsay & Horton, 2002). Empirical evidence indicates that the stretching of viscoelastic components experienced by male top-level golfers may be related to low back pain (McHardy et al, 2006).…”

Section: Changes In Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Golf‐related injuries: A systematic review

Cabri

Sousa

Kots

et al. 2009

European Journal of Sport Science

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This file was dowloaded from the institutional repository Brage NIH -brage.bibsys.no/nih Cabri, J., Sousa, J. P., Kots, M., Barreiros, J. (2009) Abstract.A review was completed to study the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in golf and to stimulate the discussion on possible injury mechanisms. The main conclusion of most published studies is that, although professional and amateur golfers show similar anatomical distribution of injuries by body segment, differences tend to be present in the ranking of injury occurrence by anatomical site. This could be explained as a result of several types of variables, like handicap, age, golf swing biomechanics, and training or playing habits. The impact of golf injuries deserves extra attention, namely the interaction between the nature of the injury, practice routines, level of practice, handicap, and frequency of activity. Individual differences and clinical and coaching procedures claim for prospective investigation. Other epidemiological information should still be regarded as insufficient with respect to a full comprehension of injury mechanisms, which can give us a better insight into the evolutionary nature of the injury. Also, a better understanding of golf swing mechanisms and individual neuromuscular aspects can help explain why some individuals are more injury-prone than others.

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Section: Changes In Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Golf‐related injuries: A systematic review

Cabri

Sousa

Kots

et al. 2009

European Journal of Sport Science

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“…weight lifters, ballet dancers, gymnasts, javelin throwers, tennis players, cross-country skiers, rowers, orienteerers and golfers) is well documented (Alexander, 1985;Alricsson & Werner, 2006;Bahr, Anderson, Loken, Fossan, Hansen & Holme, 2004;Bono, 2004;Calhoon & Fry, 1999;DeHaven & Lintner, 1986;Gluck, Bendo, & Spivak, 2008;Hutchinson, 1999;Mazur, Yetman, & Risser, 1993;Nadler, Malanga, Bartoli, Feinberg, Prybicien, Deprince, 2002;Renkawitz, Boluki, & Grifka, 2006;Stuelcken, Ginn, & Sinclair, 2008). Bono (2004) discussed the importance of both lower back dynamic power in movements such as the golf or baseball swing, a gymnast's landing, a power-lifter's squat and a boxer's punch, as well as static strength in examples such as an infielder's stance, a cyclers tuck or a ballerina's arabesque.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized trial to consider the effect of Romanian deadlift exercise on the development of lumbar extension strength

Fisher

Bruce-Low

Smith

2013

Physical Therapy in Sport

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Objective: To consider the efficacy of 10 weeks of Romanian deadlift (DL) training in increasing lumbar extension strength compared to isolated lumbar extension (LUMX) training. Design: Comparison of pre-and post-test data for Romanian deadlift 1RM, and lumbar extension torque between and within groups. Participants: Male trained subjects (n ¼ 36; ðx AE SDÞ 24.9 AE 6.5 years; 178.5 AE 5.2 cm; 81.6 AE 10.0 kg). Main outcome measures: Pre-and post-testing included a Romanian deadlift 1RM and isometric strength tests every 12 through full range of motion on the MedX lumbar extension machine (MedX, Ocala, FL). Results: Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni adjustments revealed that 1RM Romanian deadlift significantly increased from pre-to post-test in the DL group (p < 0.008; 143.3 AE 23.4 kg to 166.3 AE 21.9 kg) and the LUMX group (p < 0.008; 135.8 AE 23.1 kg to 146.0 AE 25.5 kg). In contrast, tested functional torque (TFT) significantly increased at 6 out of 7 joint angles (p < 0.008) for the LUMX group only. The control group showed no significant differences pre-to post-test. Conclusions: These data suggest that the Romanian deadlift does not enhance lumbar extension torque. However, performing specific isolated lumbar extension training appears to improve both lumbar extension torque and Romanian deadlift 1RM.

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“…In order to transmit the maximum momentum of the head to the golf ball, the center of the ball and the club head must match in the exact impact position and direction [27]. Amateur golfers have higher muscle activity and 50% more swing torque than professional golfers during swing, but the swing is irregular so that they do not create the exact impact moment [28]. The professional golfers had superior dynamic balance ability, achieved by controlling the COP excursion to compensate for the increased variation of the center of mass, leading to a more stable swing mechanism than that of the amateur golfers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of real-time feedback training on weight shifting during golf swinging on golf performance in amateur golfers

Hwang

Choi

Shin

2017

PTRS

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of real-time visual feedback weight shift training during golf swinging on golf performance. Design: Repeated-measures crossover design. Methods: Twenty-sixth amateur golfers were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups: The golf swing training with real-time feedback on weight shift (experimental group) swing training on the Wii balance board (WBB) by viewing the center of pressure (COP) trajectory on the WBB. All participants were assigned to the experimental group and the control group. The general golf swing training group (control group) performed on the ground. The golf performance was measured using a high-speed 3-dimensional camera sensor which analyses the shot distance, ball velocity, vertical launch angle, horizontal launch angle, back spin velocity and side spin velocity. The COP trajectory was assessed during 10 practice sessions and the mean was used. The golf performance measurement was repeated three times and its mean value was used. The assessment and training were performed at 24-hour intervals. Results: After training sessions, the change in shot distance, ball velocity, and horizontal launch angle pre-and post-training were significantly different when using the driver and iron clubs in the experimental group (p<0.05). The interaction time×group and time×club were not significant for all variables. Conclusions: In this study, real-time feedback training using real-time feedback on weight shifting improves golf shot distance and accuracy, which will be effective in increasing golf performance. In addition, it can be used as an index for golf player ability.

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The lumbar spine and low back pain in golf: a literature review of swing biomechanics and injury prevention

Cited by 120 publications

References 77 publications

Golf‐related injuries: A systematic review

Golf‐related injuries: A systematic review

A randomized trial to consider the effect of Romanian deadlift exercise on the development of lumbar extension strength

Effects of real-time feedback training on weight shifting during golf swinging on golf performance in amateur golfers

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