The Lowest Radiation Dose Having Molecular Changes in the Living Body

Shimura, Noriko; Kojima, Shuji

doi:10.1177/1559325818777326

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…It has been documented that when living cells are exposed to lethal radiation, they display numerous changes depending on radiation dose rate, duration of dose and tissue sensitivity Shimura and Kojima ( 2018 ). X-rays and other forms of ionizing radiation damage tissue by chain reactions caused by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (Azzam et al 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation mitigating activities of Psidium guajava L. against whole-body X-ray-induced damages in albino Wistar rat model

et al. 2020

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In the present study, we investigated radiation mitigating activities of Psidium guajava L. (P. guajava) against whole-body X- ray induced damages in albino Wistar rat model. The animals were orally administered with 200 mg/kg bodyweight of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of P. guajava for five consecutive days and on the fifth day, after the last dose of extract administration, animals were exposed to 4 Gy of X-rays. Rats were sacrificed 24 h post X–ray irradiation. The radiomitigating activity of the herb extract was assessed by micronucleus assay, histopathology of the small intestine and hematological parameters. Hepatic cyclooxygenase–2 (COX-2), interleukin–6 (IL-6) and interleukin –10 (IL-10) levels were assayed to validate the anti-inflammatory property. Biochemical estimations were also performed in RBC lysates to corroborate antioxidant properties in the leaf extract. HPLC analysis of crude extract confirmed the presence of standard flavonoid quercetin. Our results indicated that radiation elevated COX-2, IL-6 and decreased IL-10 levels and also induced micronucleus formation in polychromatic erythrocytes, simultaneously impairing hematological parameters along with erythrocyte antioxidants. The animals pre-treated with P. guajava exhibited a significant decrease in the COX-2 (P ≤ 0.01), IL-6 levels (P ≤ 0.05) and also displayed significant increase in the hepatic IL-10 levels (P ≤ 0.01). Pre-treatment with plant extract improved antioxidant enzyme activities, hematological parameters and reduced the intestinal damage by recovering the architecture of the small intestine. Moreover, extract also rendered protection against radiation induced DNA damage, as evidenced by the significant (P ≤ 0.01) decrease in the percentage of radiation-induced micronucleus in polychromatic erythrocytes. Furthermore, the herb extract treatment increased radiation LD50/30 from 6.6 Gy to 9.0 Gy, offering a dose reduction factor (DRF) of 1.36. Our findings for the first time propose the beneficial use of P. guajava as a radioprotector against X-ray induced damage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation mitigating activities of Psidium guajava L. against whole-body X-ray-induced damages in albino Wistar rat model

et al. 2020

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“…We have reviewed reports on dose-dependent effects of radiation on living organisms in both in vitro and in vivo animal experimental systems. 39 Based on the research, we concluded that DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), as an indicator of radiation impairment, are observed with γ-ray/X-ray exposures of 1 to 500 mGy. On the other hand, stress response genes such as DNA damage repair and radiation damage protective substances, such as antioxidants, are induced at doses lower than the DSB dose of 10 to 50 mGy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radon Therapy Is Very Promising as a Primary or an Adjuvant Treatment for Different Types of Cancers: 4 Case Reports

Kojima

Cuttler²,

Inoguchi³

et al. 2019

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We report on the application of radon inhalation therapy to patients with 4 types of cancer: colon, uterine, lung, and liver cell. The radon treatments were given to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy and were potent in all 4 cases. Marker values decreased and disease symptoms were alleviated. We include a lengthy discussion on the mechanism that may be responsible for the observed results. While employing the radon generator to treat the patient with hepatocellular carcinoma, we discovered that a concentration of 6 MBq/m 3 was very effective, while 1 MBq/m 3 was marginal. This implies different, and rather high, radon concentration thresholds for the treatment of different types of cancer. The evidence from these 4 cases suggests that radon inhalation may be beneficial against various cancer types as an important adjuvant therapy to conventional chemotherapy and for local high-dose radiotherapy, which would address the problem of distant metastasis. A previous case report on 2 patients with advanced breast cancer, who refused chemotherapy or radiotherapy, indicates that radon may be effective as a primary therapy for cancer. Clinical trials should be carried out to determine the best radon concentrations for treatment of other types of cancer, at different stages of progression.

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“…Damaging impact of low-dose ionizing radiation on DNA of human and animal cells has been a topic of many studies [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. It was found out that in animals, chromosomal aberrations were detected between 50 mGy and 0.1 Gy of low linear energy transfer radiation, while in humans, DNA damage was detected in children who underwent CT scans with an estimated radiation dose as low as 0.15 mGy shortly after CT examination [41]. The problem of the DNA damage induced by low-dose radiation must be taken into account due to the number of patients who are undergoing routine radiographic procedures such as CT, breast mammography, or other methods [46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Insight on the Radioprotective Potential of Epsilon-Aminocaproic Acid

et al. 2020

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Background and objectives: The aim of the study was to scrutinize the ability of epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) to prevent radiation-induced damage to human cells. Materials and Methods: Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were exposed to ionizing radiation at three low doses (22.62 mGy, 45.27 mGy, and 67.88 mGy) in the presence of EACA at the concentration of 50 ng/mL. Results: EACA was able to prevent cell death induced by low-dose X-ray radiation and suppress the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). EACA also demonstrated a capacity to protect DNA from radiation-induced damage. The data indicated that EACA is capable of suppression of radiation-induced apoptosis. Comparative tests of antioxidative activity of EACA and a range of free radical scavengers showed an ability of EACA to effectively inhibit the generation of ROS. Conclusions: This study showed that the pretreatment of PBMCs with EACA is able to protect the cells from radiation-elicited damage, including free radicals’ formation, DNA damage, and apoptosis.

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The Lowest Radiation Dose Having Molecular Changes in the Living Body

Cited by 28 publications

References 96 publications

Radiation mitigating activities of Psidium guajava L. against whole-body X-ray-induced damages in albino Wistar rat model

Radiation mitigating activities of Psidium guajava L. against whole-body X-ray-induced damages in albino Wistar rat model

Radon Therapy Is Very Promising as a Primary or an Adjuvant Treatment for Different Types of Cancers: 4 Case Reports

A New Insight on the Radioprotective Potential of Epsilon-Aminocaproic Acid

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