The Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines’ (LRCUG) recommendations: How are Canadian cannabis users complying?

Lee, Chae-Rim; Lee, Angelica; Goodman, Samantha; Hammond, David; Fischer, Benedikt

doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101187

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…For now, currently available indicators suggest a 'mixed picture' of outcomes associated with legalization in Canada, including continuing high use rates of use among youth who are more vulnerable to adverse health effects of cannabis use than others and may be subject to punishments for ongoing use under legalization texts [51,52]. On this basis, policy efforts going forward should probably focus on measures and tools to reduce cannabis-related harms among under-age users, as well as reducing primary risk factors associated with adverse health outcomes among cannabis users generally (e.g., high-frequency use, risky use modes or products, cannabis-impaired driving, as furthermore defined in the 'Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines') mainly responsible for adverse public health impacts [53,54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of select cannabis use and supply indicators pre- and post-legalization in Canada

Fischer

Lee

Robinson

et al. 2021

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy

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Background Canada implemented the legalization and regulation of non-medical cannabis use, production and sale in 2018 aiming to improve public health and safety. While outcomes from legalization reforms in other jurisdictions mostly rely on US-based data have been assessed to be mixed, Canadian data are only emerging. We compiled select population-level data on key indicators to gauge initial developments from pre- to post-legalization of cannabis in Canada. Methods We examined indicators data focusing on the following topics: prevalence of cannabis use, frequency of use, methods/products of consumption, driving after cannabis use, and cannabis sourcing. Indicator data were obtained mostly from national and some provincial population surveys. Prevalence or percentages for the indicators pre- and post-legalization (e.g., 2017- 2020), including confidence intervals were reported, with changes noted, as available in and indicated by the data sources. Results Data suggested selected increases in cannabis use prevalence, mostly among mid- and older- but possibly also younger (e.g., under legal use age) users. Frequency of use and driving after cannabis use among active users do not appear to have changed. Methods of cannabis use show diversifying trends, with decreases in smoking and increases in alternatives use modes (e.g., edibles, vaping). There is a clearly increasing trend towards accessing cannabis from legal sources among adults, while under-legal-use-age youth do not appear to experience heightened barriers to obtaining cannabis in legalization contexts. Conclusions Preliminary indicators on cannabis legalization in Canada show a mixed picture, some similar to US-based developments. While some use increases are observed, these do not necessarily represent indications of increases in cannabis-related harm, also since key (e.g., hospitalization or injury) data are lacking to date. There is a gradual embracing of legal supply sources of cannabis among users, which can be expected to serve public health and safety objectives. At the same time, cannabis use and access among under-age users as a principally vulnerable group do not appear to be hindered or reduced by legalization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of select cannabis use and supply indicators pre- and post-legalization in Canada

Fischer

Lee

Robinson

et al. 2021

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“… 49 , 50 Practitioner training about potential risks and benefits of medical cannabis use could prepare practitioners for complex decision-making and support improved primary care for patients with medical cannabis use. 50 Identifying and documenting medical cannabis use and offering patients information from epidemiologic research on how to minimize risks of cannabis use 51 , 52 , 53 could ensure that patients are aware of risks as well as potential benefits of medical cannabis use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Medical Cannabis Use and Associated Health Conditions Documented in Electronic Health Records Among Primary Care Patients in Washington State

et al. 2021

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Key Points Question Among primary care patients, what is the prevalence of electronic health record documentation of medical cannabis use and health conditions for which cannabis use might have benefits and risks? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 185 565 patients, 2% had past-year medical cannabis use documented in their electronic health records. Among patients with documented medical cannabis use, 44.5% had documented health conditions for which cannabis use might confer benefits, and 54.5% had conditions for which it might confer risks. Meaning These findings suggest that primary care practitioners should be prepared to discuss potential risks as well as potential benefits of cannabis use with patients.

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“…The hallucination effects of cannabis use leads to drug abuse [ 9 ]. Governments and regulatory agencies set guidelines and policies to minimize the undesirable effects of cannabis [ 10 , 11 ]. As some countries have legalized the use of marijuana, smoking products containing marijuana are legally marketed nowadays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Proteomic Analysis of Cannabis Use Disorder in Male Patients

et al. 2021

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Cannabis use has been growing recently and it is legally consumed in many countries. Cannabis has a variety of phytochemicals including cannabinoids, which might impair the peripheral systems responses affecting inflammatory and immunological pathways. However, the exact signaling pathways that induce these effects need further understanding. The objective of this study is to investigate the serum proteomic profiling in patients diagnosed with cannabis use disorder (CUD) as compared with healthy control subjects. The novelty of our study is to highlight the differentially changes proteins in the serum of CUD patients. Certain proteins can be targeted in the future to attenuate the toxicological effects of cannabis. Blood samples were collected from 20 male individuals: 10 healthy controls and 10 CUD patients. An untargeted proteomic technique employing two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry was employed in this study to assess the differentially expressed proteins. The proteomic analysis identified a total of 121 proteins that showed significant changes in protein expression between CUD patients (experimental group) and healthy individuals (control group). For instance, the serum expression of inactive tyrosine protein kinase PEAK1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 were increased in CUD group. In contrast, the serum expression of transthyretin and serotransferrin were reduced in CUD group. Among these proteins, 55 proteins were significantly upregulated and 66 proteins significantly downregulated in CUD patients as compared with healthy control group. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) found that these differentially expressed proteins are linked to p38MAPK, interleukin 12 complex, nuclear factor-κB, and other signaling pathways. Our work indicates that the differentially expressed serum proteins between CUD and control groups are correlated to liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor (RXR), farnesoid X receptor/RXR activation, and acute phase response signaling.

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The Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines’ (LRCUG) recommendations: How are Canadian cannabis users complying?

Cited by 14 publications

References 80 publications

An overview of select cannabis use and supply indicators pre- and post-legalization in Canada

An overview of select cannabis use and supply indicators pre- and post-legalization in Canada

Prevalence of Medical Cannabis Use and Associated Health Conditions Documented in Electronic Health Records Among Primary Care Patients in Washington State

Serum Proteomic Analysis of Cannabis Use Disorder in Male Patients

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