“…Their advanced reproductive capability probably allowed these plants to quickly adapt to new environmental challenges that led to the differences in the composition of these floras, whereas other deltaic or moist-environmentrelated plant groups, such as the spore-reproducing club mosses, horsetails and ferns account for the superficial similarity of these floras because of wide dispersive adaptive potential. A similar scenario of a fragmented palaeogeographic and rapidly changing environment in a small area during the end of the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic has been observed by Kiritchkova and Nosova (2014) in the Middle Caspian Basin, also hosting a flora dominated by similar bennettittalean taxa.…”
The diverse bennettitalean plant remains from the Rhaetian of Wüstenwelsberg, Franconia, southern Germany, are described by means of macromorphological and epidermal anatomy; the study is part of the ongoing examination of this recently excavated and excellently preserved fossil flora. The taxa identified include four species of Pterophyllum, one species of Anomozamites, two species of Nilssoniopteris and one species of Wielandiella with sterile leaves, bracts and ovulate reproductive organs. In addition, an enigmatic type of bennettitalean microsporangiate organ has been obtained, remains of which from the Rhaetian of Greenland had been assigned to Bennettistemon. However, the material from Wüstenwelsberg is much more complete and is assigned to a new genus, viz. Welsbergia gen. nov., with its type species Welsbergia bursigera (Harris) comb. nov., based on the organ's unique architecture. The microsporangiate organs are always exclusively associated with the sterile foliage Pterophyllum aequale. Comparison of the flora from Wüstenwelsberg with adjacent Rhaetian floras revealed distinct local differences in the bennettitalean constitution, which are discussed in the light of palaeogeography and plant dispersal patterns.
“…Their advanced reproductive capability probably allowed these plants to quickly adapt to new environmental challenges that led to the differences in the composition of these floras, whereas other deltaic or moist-environmentrelated plant groups, such as the spore-reproducing club mosses, horsetails and ferns account for the superficial similarity of these floras because of wide dispersive adaptive potential. A similar scenario of a fragmented palaeogeographic and rapidly changing environment in a small area during the end of the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic has been observed by Kiritchkova and Nosova (2014) in the Middle Caspian Basin, also hosting a flora dominated by similar bennettittalean taxa.…”
The diverse bennettitalean plant remains from the Rhaetian of Wüstenwelsberg, Franconia, southern Germany, are described by means of macromorphological and epidermal anatomy; the study is part of the ongoing examination of this recently excavated and excellently preserved fossil flora. The taxa identified include four species of Pterophyllum, one species of Anomozamites, two species of Nilssoniopteris and one species of Wielandiella with sterile leaves, bracts and ovulate reproductive organs. In addition, an enigmatic type of bennettitalean microsporangiate organ has been obtained, remains of which from the Rhaetian of Greenland had been assigned to Bennettistemon. However, the material from Wüstenwelsberg is much more complete and is assigned to a new genus, viz. Welsbergia gen. nov., with its type species Welsbergia bursigera (Harris) comb. nov., based on the organ's unique architecture. The microsporangiate organs are always exclusively associated with the sterile foliage Pterophyllum aequale. Comparison of the flora from Wüstenwelsberg with adjacent Rhaetian floras revealed distinct local differences in the bennettitalean constitution, which are discussed in the light of palaeogeography and plant dispersal patterns.
“…We summarized and analyzed geographical distributions of all 45 Jurassic species of Nilssoniopteris (including the current two new species) in the Supplementary Data Set and Figure 13. According to our analysis, during the Early Jurassic, 19 Nilssoniopteris species have been reported from Europe in Sweden (Florin, 1933b; Lundblad, 1950); Central Asia in Iran (Barnard, 1965; Schweitzer and Kirchner, 2003), Kazakhstan (Kiritchkova, 1973, 2000; Dolundenko and Orlovskaya, 1976), and the Caspian Basin (Kiritchkova and Nosova, 2012); and East Asia (China) in Inner Mongolia (Deng et al, 2017b) and Hubei Province (Sun and Yang, 1988). Among them, 14 species, the most abundant, are from Central Asia.Figure 13Jurassic stratigraphic and geographical distribution of Nilssoniopteris (base maps are from Boucot et al, 2009): ( 1 ) one species; ( 2 ) two or three species; ( 3 ) four to five species; ( 4 ) more than six species.…”
Section: Distribution Of the Jurassic Nilssoniopteris And Their Paleomentioning
confidence: 75%
“…The number of Middle Jurassic species increased to 27 with their geographic distribution also expanded. They were reported from Europe in Andøya, Norway (Manum et al, 1991), Yorkshire, England (Harris, 1969), and Peski locality, European Russia (Gordenko, 2008); Central Asia in many locations (Doludenko and Svanidze, 1969; Markovitch, 1971; Vassilevskaja et al, 1972; Gomolitzky, 1974; Barnard and Miller, 1976; Dolundenko and Orlovskaya, 1976; Kiritchkova and Nosova, 2012); and East Asia, mainly in North China, including Inner Mongolia, Hebei Province, Gansu Province, Shanxi Province, Henan Province, the Qaidam Basin of Qinghai Province, and Hami of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Zhang et al, 1976; Wang, 1984; Li et al, 1988; Sun and Shen, 1988; Barale et al, 1998; this paper).…”
Section: Distribution Of the Jurassic Nilssoniopteris And Their Paleomentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Another species that is more or less comparable with the present species is N . kokalensis from the Early Jurassic of western Kazakhstan (Kiritchkova, 2000; Kiritchkova and Nosova, 2012), which also possesses numerous trichome bases having cutinized thickenings on the abaxial epidermis. However, its stomatal bands are slightly narrower than nonstomatal bands, its stomata are smaller in size than ours, and its adaxial epidermis lacks trichome bases.…”
Two new species of Nilssoniopteris of the order Bennettitales, Nilssoniopteris hamiensis Zhao and Deng, new species and Nilssoniopteris crassiaxis Zhao and Deng, new species, are established from the Xishanyao Formation (Middle Jurassic) of Sandaoling Coal Mine in Hami, Xinjiang, China, based on leaf macromorphology and cuticular features. Nilssoniopteris hamiensis n. sp. is characterized by its varied leaf shapes and trichome bases of 1–4 cells on the abaxial epidermis. Nilssoniopteris crassiaxis n. sp. is characterized by its broad midrib (especially near the leaf base) and trichome bases of 1–3 cells on the abaxial epidermis. Both species possess unique venation patterns that are not only simple and free, but also forked and merged to form closed loops. These anastomosing veins are even more complicated in N. crassiaxis n. sp. in that the veins can fork once, twice, or even three times, the forked veins can later merge with each other or with an adjacent vein to form a closed loop, which may later further disjoin. The generic diagnosis of Nilssoniopteris is thus accordingly emended, particularly in the venation pattern. In addition, the stratigraphic and geographical distributions of all 45 Jurassic Nilssoniopteris species worldwide have been summarized and analyzed to better understand their brief evolutionary history, indicating that Nilssoniopteris might be able to grow not only in subtropical regions as the living cycads are, but also in warm climatic regions.
“…There is a coarse-grained unit at the base of the stratum with a thickness of 40 to 70 m with the following reservoir properties; effective porosity up to 20%, permeability of 10×10 -3 µm 2 (Windley et al 2007;Al-Obaidi 2016). The overlying part of the section is composed of inequigranular tuff sandstones, tuff siltstones, and tuff mudstones (Kiritchkova & Nosova 2014).…”
Carbonate rocks of the Triassic deposits of the South Mangyshlak basin are investigated in this paper for their boundary values, which are important for interpretation of field geophysical data as well as perforation and blasting.Based on their lithological composition, Triassic deposits are classified as either terrigenous or carbonate reservoirs. Carbonate reservoirs are found in the Middle Triassic strata containing volcanogenic dolomite and volcanogenic limestone rocks. A complex type of reservoir characterizes these rocks: porous-fractured, porouscavernous, and fractured. Upper Triassic sediments are formed by the intercalation of tuffaceous, siltstone-sandy, and mudstone rocks overlying Middle Triassic sedimentary rocks. Oil deposits are confined to polymictic sandstones, which are oil-saturated to varying degrees.In order to substantiate the quantitative criteria of the reservoir, experimental studies of the core samples were carried out in the laboratory. Fluid flow studies were performed where physical and hydrodynamic characteristics were determined when oil was displaced by displacing reagents. On the basis of the parameters obtained, correlations between reservoirs and non-reservoirs were constructed. Based on relationships between reservoir properties such as porosity and permeability versus residual water content, as well as effective porosity and permeability versus dynamic porosity, the boundary values were determined. Using these results, the porosity limit for the Middle and Upper Triassic strata has been determined to be 7%, the permeability limit for the Middle Triassic has been determined to be 0.02 X 10-3 μm2, and the permeability limit for the Upper Triassic has been determined to be 0.3 X 10-3 μm2.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
