The low-frequency response of electrocardiographs, a frequent source of recording errors

Berson, Alan S.; Pipberger, Hubert V.

doi:10.1016/0002-8703(66)90599-0

Cited by 128 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The quality of the recorder's low-frequency response relies therefore on the performance of the preamplifier's front-end. To prevent recording error caused by the electrocardiograph, the preamplifier must preserve the ECG signal by providing flat amplitude response and linear or zero phase within the ECG bandwidth (Berson & Pipberger, 1966;Tayler & Vincent, 1983). Failure to fulfil these requirements can have serious clinical implications.…”

Section: Importance Of the Recorder's Low-frequency Response In Diagnmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Berson & Pipberger have demonstrated that ECG preamplifiers implementing high-pass filters with a poor low-frequency amplitude response are a potential source of recording error that may lead to misdiagnosis of serious cardiac conditions (Berson & Pipberger, 1966). They concluded that an increase of the filter's cutoff frequency above 0.05 Hz or a roll-off greater than 6 dB per octave causes distortion of the S-T segment and the T wave of the ECG waveform.…”

Section: Diagnostic Implications Of a Poor Low-frequency Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1(a). In addition, it was reported that the ECG of patients who had suffered damage to the surface of the heart, referred to as an old infarct, usually shows a downward sloping S-T segment (Berson & Pipberger, 1966). Fig.…”

Section: Diagnostic Implications Of a Poor Low-frequency Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Low-Frequency Response and the Skin-Electrode Interface in Dry-Electrode Electrocardiography

Assambo¹,

Burke²

2012

Advances in Electrocardiograms - Methods and Analysis

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Section: Importance Of the Recorder's Low-frequency Response In Diagnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnostic Implications Of a Poor Low-frequency Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Low-Frequency Response and the Skin-Electrode Interface in Dry-Electrode Electrocardiography

Assambo¹,

Burke²

2012

Advances in Electrocardiograms - Methods and Analysis

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“…Adequate magnitude and phase responses are required to prevent distortion of the ECG signal profile which can introduce changes into the waveform morphology that have serious diagnostic implications [3,4]. The nature of the distortion which results from poor low frequency response has a detrimental effect primarily on the Twave, the S-T segment and the Q-T interval.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Response of Low-Power ECG Recoding Amplifiers for Use with Un-gelled Electrodes

Burke

Tuohy

2017

MATEC Web Conf.

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Abstract. This paper addresses the design of the low-frequency response of a multi-stage bioelectric amplifier intended for use in the measurement of the human electrocardiogram (ECG) using high-impedance un-gelled electrodes. The response is optimised to meet the International Electrotechnical Commission 60601 standards [1,2] for electrocardiograph recorders in both the time and frequency domains. The optimum design for a three stage amplifier, having two differential stages and a differential-to-single-ended conversion stage was established in the context of low-power ambulatory ECG monitoring. The optimum configuration was found to be two differential stages with a gain of 20dB each and a differential-to single-ended output stage with unity gain. The3dB pole is placed at 0.013Hz and a zero at 0.0013Hz in the first and second stages to give an overall -3dB low cut-off frequency of 0.02Hz. In addition, the pole of the input ac coupling network was placed at 0.0013Hz in order to cancel the zero in the non-inverting front-end stage. This ensured that undershoot and recovery slope performance requirements in response to a narrow pulse of 3mV amplitude and 100ms duration were met.

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“…Appropriate magnitude and phase responses are needed in order to prevent distortion of the ECG signal profile and adverse changes in the waveform morphology. The nature of the distortion which can arise in the ECG signal due to poor low frequency response in the recording amplifier has been well documented for several decades and has serious diagnostic implications [3,4]. The type of distortion which results from poor low frequency response has a detrimental effect primarily on the T-wave, the S-T segment and the Q-T interval.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimisation of the Low-Frequency Response of a Multi-stage Bioelectric Amplifier for Electrocardiogram (ECG) Recording

Burke

Kofler

2016

MATEC Web Conf.

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Abstract. This paper reports the optimisation of the low-frequency response of a multi-stage bioelectric amplifier intended for use in the measurement of the human electrocardiogram (ECG) using high-impedance un-gelled electrodes. The frequency response was optimised to meet international performance requirements for electrocardiographic recorders, in particular the International Electrotechnical Commission 60601 standards [1,2]. The pole and zero locations of a multi-stage amplifier configuration were optimised to meet both time and frequency domain specifications. The optimum assignment for a three stage amplifier, having two differential stages and a differential-to-single-ended conversion stage was established by evaluating the performance of a number of circuit configurations. The optimum configuration was found to be two differential stages with a gain of 20dB each and a differential-to single-ended output stage with unity gain. The -3dB pole is placed at 0.028Hz and a zero at 0.0028Hz in the first and second stages to give an overall -3dB bandwidth of 0.043Hz. In addition, the pole of the input ac coupling network was placed at 0.0028Hz in order to meet the undershoot and recovery slope requirements in the narrow pulse response.

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The low-frequency response of electrocardiographs, a frequent source of recording errors

Cited by 128 publications

References 5 publications

Low-Frequency Response and the Skin-Electrode Interface in Dry-Electrode Electrocardiography

Low-Frequency Response and the Skin-Electrode Interface in Dry-Electrode Electrocardiography

Transient Response of Low-Power ECG Recoding Amplifiers for Use with Un-gelled Electrodes

Optimisation of the Low-Frequency Response of a Multi-stage Bioelectric Amplifier for Electrocardiogram (ECG) Recording

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