The Lost Courses of the Saraswati River in the Great Indian Desert: New Evidence from Landsat Imagery

Bimal, Ghose; Kar, Amal; Husan, Zahid

doi:10.2307/633213

Cited by 95 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…A large number of palaeo channels, forming a well developed palaeo drainage network have been reported by different workers in the western Rajasthan and adjoining states of Haryana, Punjab and Gujarat (Ghose et al, 1979;Yashpal et al, 1980;Ramasamy et al, 1991;Sharma et aL, 1992;Recd. 22 March, 2003;in final form 4 July, 2003 Most of the early workers have used aerial photographs and satellite images in Black & White and colour form, from the Landsat and IRS satellites of earlier generations to map the palaeo drainage courses in the NW (Thar desert) region due to rough, inaccessible and hostile nature of the terrain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New findings on the course of river sarasvati

Gupta

Sharma

Sreenivasan

et al. 2004

J Indian Soc Remote Sens

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Numerous studies have been carried out during last 20-25 years by different agencies to trace the courses of palaeo river Sarasvati. Varying number of courses of river Sarasvati have been suggested by the different workers in the north-western region. Taking advantage of the developments in satellite/sensor and digital image processing technologies an attempt has been made to rediscover the course of river Sarasvati and solve the controversy regarding its exact course, in the sand covered Thar desert region. Data available from a variety of ground investigations carried out by different agencies working in this area have been analyzed in support of confirmation ofpalaeo channels, along the courses mapped under the present study. The results indicate that the river Sarasvati had its course through river Ghaggar and did not drain along the Aravalli hills. Also it did not shift its course drastically and continuously from east to west, as suggested by earlier workers. The image anomalies indicate that river Sarasvati flowed parallel to the river Indus as an independent river system (closer to the north-western Indian border) and did not flow through present course of river Nara. The findings raise the doubt that "Rise along Delhi-Hardwar ridge" as suggested by earlier workers was the main cause for west-ward shift of Sarasvati river and ultimate drainage desiccation in the northwestern region. The analysis indicates towards rise in Himalayas/ Siwaliks and consequent displacements in the Siwaliks and its foot hills region (in the form of Yamuna and Satlej tear faults) as the main cause for drainage desiccation and disappearance of river'Sarasvati.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New findings on the course of river sarasvati

Gupta

Sharma

Sreenivasan

et al. 2004

J Indian Soc Remote Sens

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“…The estimated dates can now be interpreted in the context of the geographic and geological history of the Saurashtra Peninsula (in western India) where the Gir Forest is situated (Gupta 1972;Ghose et al 1979). Saurashtra is bounded by water on three sides, by the Gulf of Kutch, the Arabian Sea, and the Gulf of Cambay.…”

Section: Genome Research 417mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Microsatellites as Evolutionary Chronometers: A Test in Wild Cats

Driscoll

Menotti‐Raymond²,

Nelson³

et al. 2002

Genome Res.

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Nuclear microsatellite loci (2-to 5-bp tandem repeats) would seem to be ideal markers for population genetic monitoring because of their abundant polymorphism, wide dispersal in vertebrate genomes, near selective neutrality, and ease of assessment; however, questions about their mode of generation, mutation rates and ascertainment bias have limited interpretation considerably. We have assessed the patterns of genomic diversity for ninety feline microsatellite loci among previously characterized populations of cheetahs, lions and pumas in recapitulating demographic history. The results imply that the microsatellite diversity measures (heterozygosity, allele reconstitution and microsatellite allele variance) offer proportionate indicators, albeit with large variance, of historic population bottlenecks and founder effects. The observed rate of reconstruction of new alleles plus the growth in the breadth of microsatellite allele size (variance) was used here to develop genomic estimates of time intervals following historic founder events in cheetahs (12,000 yr ago), in North American pumas (10,000-17,000 yr ago), and in Asiatic lions of the Gir Forest (1000-4000 yr ago).[Supplemental material available online at http://rex.nci.nih.gov/lgd/front_page.htm and at http://www.genome. org.]Microsatellite loci are 2-to 5-bp tandem repeats that are abundant (estimated at 100,000-200,000) and dispersed nearly randomly in all eukaryotic genomes. Their high mutability, owing to DNA slippage during replication and estimated variously at 6 ‫ן‬ 10 ‫5מ‬ to 2.1 ‫ן‬ 10 3 among mammals (Dallas 1992; de la Edwards et al. 1992a;Weber and Wong 1993;Ellegren 1995;Heyer et al. 1997; Kayser and Sajantila 2000;2001), leads to the accumulation of new alleles in populations, providing invaluable markers for genetic individualization, parentage assessment, gene mapping, and population monitors of genetic diversity. Their genomic abundance, conservation of their distinctive flanking sequence across closely related species, apparent selective neutrality, and high heterozygosity contribute to their utility in detecting historic demographic events in natural populations (Goldstein and Schlotterer 1999).We examined the extent and character of variation using 90 feline-specific microsatellite loci in well-described populations of three free-living species of Felidae: cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), lions (Panthera pardus), and pumas (Puma concolor) (O'Brien 1994). Populations were selected because previous studies with multiple molecular genetic markers had indicated that historic bottlenecks had reduced overall genetic variation in certain populations (Table 1). Our analysis had four aims: 1) to determine the ability of a large sampling of microsatellites to detect historic population reductions, 2) to use previously dated demographic contractions to calibrate empirically the approximate rate and patterns of microsatellite allele reconstitution following genetic homogenization, 3) to apply the calibration to estimate the time elapsed since imputed p...

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“…Later, it was investigated by Oldham (1893) and Wilhelmy (1969). After about a century, the issue regained attention leading to several remote sensing based studies (Yash Pal et al, 1980;Sood and Sahai, 1983;Ghose et al, 1979;Sahai, 1999;Gupta et al, 2004;Radhakrishna and Merh, 1999;and references therein). Maps of palaeodrainge including old channels of Saraswati and archaeological mounds in northwestern India have been prepared and discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luminescence Dating of the Sediments from a Buried Channel Loop in Fatehabad Area, Haryana: Insight into Vedic Saraswati River and its Environment

Saini

Mujtaba

2010

Geochronometria

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Geomorphology and sedimentary composition of an archeologically important palaeochannel segment of the Vedic Saraswati River in northwestern Haryana have been evaluated and its temporal relation with the surrounding upland examined with the help of OSL dating. Sediment composition and OSL ages suggest that the channel received enough water supply between 5.9 and 4.3 ka ago, and even before. Several lakes and ponds had developed during this period in the surrounding areas. It was a wet phase in this area as well as in Rajastahn. After ~4.3 ka, the river got starved of regular water supply, became sluggish and finally dried up. Reduced water supply, indicative of decreased rainfall, occurred between 4.3 and 3.4 ka ago. The environmental history of the channel might have influenced the Harrapan archeology of the area.

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The Lost Courses of the Saraswati River in the Great Indian Desert: New Evidence from Landsat Imagery

Cited by 95 publications

References 0 publications

New findings on the course of river sarasvati

New findings on the course of river sarasvati

Genomic Microsatellites as Evolutionary Chronometers: A Test in Wild Cats

Luminescence Dating of the Sediments from a Buried Channel Loop in Fatehabad Area, Haryana: Insight into Vedic Saraswati River and its Environment

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