The Looking Glass for Intelligence Quotient Tests: The Interplay of Motivation, Cognitive Functioning, and Affect

Ganuthula, Venkat Ram Reddy; Sinha, Shuchi

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02857

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Yet, people's attitudes and motivation seem to play a significant role even in the most demanding cognitive tasks, such as IQ tests. To illustrate, better-motivated individuals perform better in such tasks (Duckworth et al, 2011;Ganuthula & Sinha, 2019), and those who expect to perform poorly e.g., because they are affected by a stereotype, tend to indeed perform more poorly (Grand et al, 2010;Steele & Aronson, 1995). Had using a foreign language cued people into perceiving a task as more demanding, they would have invested more resources into its completion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a foreign language does not make you think more: Null effects of using a foreign language on cognitive reflection and numeracy

Milczarski¹,

Borkowska²,

Paruzel‐Czachura³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Using a foreign language is suggested to affect how we think and decide, even reducing bias in our judgment. However, the exact mechanisms of its influence are still unknown. In this project, we tested two of the potential mechanisms driving the foreign language: increased cognitive reflection and greater task engagement. We analyzed previously collected data from 5 experiments employing the Cognitive Reflection Test and/or the Berlin Numeracy Test. The results show anecdotal to strong evidence supporting null effects. We believe that our results undermine the claim that using a foreign language promotes more cognitive reflection or engagement

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a foreign language does not make you think more: Null effects of using a foreign language on cognitive reflection and numeracy

Milczarski¹,

Borkowska²,

Paruzel‐Czachura³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Motivational aspect has also a small effect (r = .16). Motivation drives cognitive process (Ganuthula & Sinha, 2019) and thus can explain the cognitive performance of a candidate (Duckworth, Quinn, Lynam, Loeber, & Stouthamer-Loeber, 2011). Motivation was assessed by self-report so could be subject to faking.…”

Section: Non-cognitive Meta-analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis on air traffic controllers selection: cognitive and non-cognitive predictors

Mouratille

Amadieu

Matton

2022

Journal of Vocational Behavior

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“…This may be mainly due to inconsistency in using neuroimaging techniques (e.g., electroencephalogram) and EF measures. For instance, a wide variety of intelligence quotient (IQ) tests in use today measure inconsistent domains of EFs (35,36). That said, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III (WAIS-III), one of the most widely used IQ tests, measures a certain set of four mental abilities such as verbal comprehension, processing speed, perceptual organization, and working memory (35,37).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, a wide variety of intelligence quotient (IQ) tests in use today measure inconsistent domains of EFs (35,36). That said, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III (WAIS-III), one of the most widely used IQ tests, measures a certain set of four mental abilities such as verbal comprehension, processing speed, perceptual organization, and working memory (35,37). Considering this, an investigation of EFs by using multiple measures may be more beneficial to elucidate the relationship between the structural maturation of the frontal lobe and the development of the main domains of EFs in this population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gray Matter Volume in the Developing Frontal Lobe and Its Relationship With Executive Function in Late Childhood and Adolescence: A Community-Based Study

et al. 2021

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Background: During late childhood and adolescence, the frontal lobe undergoes critical developmental changes, affecting a wide range of executive functions significantly. Conversely, abnormality in the maturation of the frontal lobe during this period may result in a limited ability to effectively use various executive functions. However, at present, it is still unclear how the structural development of the frontal lobe is associated with different aspects of executive functions during this developmental period. To fill the gap in evidence, we aimed to elucidate gray matter volume (GMV) in the frontal lobe and its relationship with multiple aspects of executive functions in late childhood and adolescence.Methods: We recruited our participants aged between 6 and 17 years to assess GMV in the frontal lobe and its relationship with different domains of executive functions in late childhood and adolescence. We used the voxel-based morphometry–DARTEL procedure to measure GMVs in multiple frontal sub-regions and Stroop test and Advanced Test of Attention (ATA) to measure executive functions. We then conducted partial correlation analyses and performed multiple comparisons with different age and sex groups.Results: Overall, 123 participants took part in our study. We found that many regional GMVs in the frontal lobe were negatively correlated with ATA scores in participants in late childhood and positively correlated with ATA scores in participants in adolescence. Only a few correlations of the GMVs with Stroop test scores were significant in both age groups. Although most of our results did not survive false discovery rate (FDR) correction (i.e., FDR <0.2), considering their novelty, we discussed our results based on uncorrected p-values. Our findings indicate that the frontal sub-regions that were involved in attentional networks may significantly improve during late childhood and become stabilized later in adolescence. Moreover, our findings with the Stroop test may also present the possibility of the later maturation of higher-order executive functioning skills.Conclusion: Although our findings were based on uncorrected p-values, the novelty of our findings may provide better insights into elucidating the maturation of the frontal lobe and its relationship with the development of attention networks in late childhood and adolescence.

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The Looking Glass for Intelligence Quotient Tests: The Interplay of Motivation, Cognitive Functioning, and Affect

Cited by 16 publications

References 48 publications

Using a foreign language does not make you think more: Null effects of using a foreign language on cognitive reflection and numeracy

Using a foreign language does not make you think more: Null effects of using a foreign language on cognitive reflection and numeracy

A meta-analysis on air traffic controllers selection: cognitive and non-cognitive predictors

Gray Matter Volume in the Developing Frontal Lobe and Its Relationship With Executive Function in Late Childhood and Adolescence: A Community-Based Study

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