“…As these neoliberal policies and other societal factors change kindergarten, it is important to point out that, historically, researchers have (Duncan et al, 2007) and continue (Burchinal et al, 2020) to demonstrate where children begin their academic careers as kindergartners affects their short- and long-term success in and out of school (Amadon et al, 2022; Lee & Burkham, 2002). For instance, children entering kindergarten at age 5 who are perceived to be trailing their peers in cognitive and social measures are less likely to be successful in grade school, more likely to drop out of high school, and likely to earn less as adults (Dagli & Jones, 2013; Halle et al, 2012; Vergunst et al, 2019). In kindergarten, how children perform on reading, math, and social–emotional assessments provide insight into their later school achievement and chances for success in adult life (Claessens et al, 2009; Duncan et al, 2007; Pace et al, 2019; Quirk et al, 2017).…”