The Long-Time Low-Temperature Degradation (“LTD”) Kinetics in 3Y-TZP Bioceramics

Abstract

This work follows a study on hydrothermal aged 3Y-TZP bioceramics, which showed that the surface X-ray diffraction data from moisture exposed samples give distorted results, reflecting a simple linear growth of a partially transformed layer from the surface into the interior. There is no indication for a leveling off or retardation of this growth at elevated temperatures (134°C) and here we present evidence that this is probably true at body temperatures as well. However, the rate constants at body temperature for the studied material are low and indicate a long lifetime. It should be noted that this statement is specific and other materials with minor changes to chemistry or microstructure may behave much better or much worse under those conditions. Furthermore slow crack growth and crack interactions are not yet investigated and may necessitate a minimum of low-temperature degradation susceptibility to ensure reliable long-time use.