The long-term stability of survey monuments in permafrost

Tait, Matthew; Moorman, Brian J.; Li, Sheng

doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2004.10.010

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The principal concern using geodetic positioning of monuments in permafrost is the potential for monument instability due to frost heave (Tait et al 2005). Various designs of "antiheave" benchmarks have been devised in the past, but we believe the key to monument stability is length (depth of burial), to ensure that frost heave is inhibited by a greater length of wall bonding at depth.…”

Section: Subsidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Subsidence drives habitat loss in a large permafrost delta, Mackenzie River outlet to the Beaufort Sea, western Arctic Canada

et al. 2022

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The Mackenzie Delta is an extensive river-mouth depocentre, the second largest delta on the Arctic Ocean, and lies in the zone of continuous permafrost. We report the first measurements of natural consolidation subsidence in a high-latitude delta with ice-bonded sediments. Several years of episodic GPS records on a network of 15 stable monuments throughout the central and outer delta reveal downward motion between 1.5 ± 0.7 and 5.3 ± 1.1 mm/yr relative to a nearby monument on bedrock. Additional shallow subsidence results from loss of near-surface excess ice with deeper seasonal thaw in a warming climate. Isostatic adjustment is a third component of subsidence, captured in the NAD83v70VG crustal velocity model. Sedimentation rates over much of the outer delta are less than the rate of subsidence combined with rising sea level. Scenarios for future inundation are evaluated using interpolated IPCC AR5 projections, NAD83v70VG, and a LiDAR DEM with realistic consolidation, thaw subsidence, and sedimentation rates, on time scales of 40 and 90 years. These reveal increases in area flooded at mean water level from 33% in 2010 to 65% or as much as 85% in 2100, depending on the emissions scenario, driving delta-front retreat and removing a large proportion of avian nesting habitat. The three components of subsidence together increase the relative sea-level rise by a factor of two to eight, depending on the scenario. Consolidation subsidence may also contribute to rising low-flow water levels in the central delta, increasing river-lake connectivity, with negative impacts on aquatic biodiversity and productivity.

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Section: Subsidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Subsidence drives habitat loss in a large permafrost delta, Mackenzie River outlet to the Beaufort Sea, western Arctic Canada

et al. 2022

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“…At the same time, oil and gas exploration and potential resource development in the Mackenzie delta area pose important hydroecological and geotechnical questions (Tait et al 2005;Gharabaghi et al 2007;Lesack and Marsh 2007;Inkratas et al 2009;Beltaos et al 2011a). Dealing with such questions depends on good hydrologic data, and especially on flow discharge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mackenzie Delta flow during spring breakup: uncertainties and potential improvements

Beltaos

2012

Can. J. Civ. Eng.

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The spring flow of the Mackenzie River into its delta drives the breakup ice jamming and consequent flooding and replenishment of the thousands of lakes on the delta plain. Daily flows for related studies are presently furnished by Water Survey of Canada, based on the records of a hydrometric station located close to the delta entrance. The relative proximity of the Beaufort Sea affects the local water surface slope, amplifying uncertainties that are normally associated with under-ice flow estimates. It is shown that gauge-derived spring flows often do not agree with other evidence, such as past discharge measurements, flows at the next upstream gauge, and hydraulic computations for the 2008 event. This appears to result in inconsistencies between spring flow hydrograph and observed severity of ice breakup. Options for improving spring flow estimates are discussed and installation of an auxiliary water-level gauge near Point Separation is recommended as a practical choice.Résumé : Au printemps, le débit du fleuve Mackenzie dans son delta engendre la formation d'embâcles et les inondations qui en découlent permettent le remplissage de milliers de lacs dans la plaine deltaïque. Les débits quotidiens provenant d'é-tudes associées sont présentement fournis par la division des relevés hydrologiques du Canada; ils sont basés sur les registres d'une station hydrométrique située à l'entrée du delta. La proximité relative de la mer de Beaufort affecte la pente locale de la ligne d'eau, amplifiant les incertitudes normalement associées aux estimations des débits sous la glace. Il est dé-montré que les débits printaniers obtenus des jauges ne concordent souvent pas aux autres données, telles que les mesures antérieures de décharge, les débits à la prochaine jauge amont et les calculs hydrauliques de l'événement de 2008. Cela semble engendrer des discordances entre l'hydrographe du débit printanier et la sévérité observée de la débâcle. Les options pour améliorer les estimations des débits printaniers sont abordées et il est recommandé d'installer une jauge auxiliaire du niveau d'eau près de Point Separation comme choix pratique.

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Remote sensing of permafrost‐related problems and hazards

Kääb

2008

Permafrost & Periglacial

127

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Modern remote sensing techniques can help in the assessment of permafrost hazards in high latitudes and cold mountains. Hazard development in these areas is affected by process interactions and chain reactions, the ongoing shift of cryospheric hazard zones due to atmospheric warming, the large spatial scales involved and the remoteness of many permafrost‐related threats. This paper reviews ground‐based, airborne and spaceborne remote sensing methods suitable for permafrost hazard assessment and management. A wide range of image classification and change detection techniques support permafrost hazard studies. Digital terrain models (DTMs) derived from optical stereo, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) or laser scanning data are some of the most important data sets for investigating permafrost‐related mass movements, thaw and heave processes, and hydrological hazards. Multi‐temporal optical or SAR data are used to derive surface displacements on creeping and unstable frozen slopes. Combining DTMs with results from spectral image classification, and with multi‐temporal data from change detection and displacement measurements significantly improves the detection of hazard potential. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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The long-term stability of survey monuments in permafrost

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Subsidence drives habitat loss in a large permafrost delta, Mackenzie River outlet to the Beaufort Sea, western Arctic Canada

Subsidence drives habitat loss in a large permafrost delta, Mackenzie River outlet to the Beaufort Sea, western Arctic Canada

Mackenzie Delta flow during spring breakup: uncertainties and potential improvements

Remote sensing of permafrost‐related problems and hazards

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