The Long‐Term Stability of KO<sub>2</sub> in K‐O<sub>2</sub> Batteries

Xiao, Neng; Rooney, Ryan T.; Gewirth, Andrew A.; Wu, Yiying

doi:10.1002/anie.201710454

Cited by 59 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The long-term stability of potassium superoxide was investigated with differentr esting times (0-30 days) between the discharge and subsequentc harge ( Figure 11). [47] With no rest time, the coulombic efficiency of 98 %w as obtained. After a1 0day rest, there was only as light decreasei nc oulombic efficiency to 97 %, but the anode had significantly degraded.…”

Section: Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The shelf life is a critical parameter for energy storage systems, as often times excess energy is produced and needs to be stored for use at a much later time. The long‐term stability of potassium superoxide was investigated with different resting times (0–30 days) between the discharge and subsequent charge (Figure ) . With no rest time, the coulombic efficiency of 98 % was obtained.…”

Section: Potassium‐oxygen Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data was obtained from Web of Science citation reports. Lithium-oxygen batteries wereo mitted due to preferential formation of the peroxidew ith the exception of Ref [47]…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alkali‐Oxygen Batteries Based on Reversible Superoxide Chemistry

McCulloch

Xiao

Gourdin

et al. 2018

Chemistry A European J

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Rechargeable superoxide (O ) batteries have the potential to surpass current lithium-ion technology due to their high theoretical energy densities. The use of superoxides as an energy storage material is highly advantageous when compared to their close relatives, peroxides. This is due to enhanced reversibility of the 1-electron redox process. To efficiently stabilize superoxides, larger metal cations are required such as sodium and potassium. Therefore, the two most studied systems are sodium and potassium-oxygen batteries. Both batteries present unique advantages and challenges. In this minireview, we summarize the current research for each superoxide-based battery and offer perspective for further research.

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Section: Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Potassium‐oxygen Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alkali‐Oxygen Batteries Based on Reversible Superoxide Chemistry

McCulloch

Xiao

Gourdin

et al. 2018

Chemistry A European J

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“…Superoxide batteries, the essential features of which surpass those of current lithium‐ion technology, have become highly competitive candidates for storing renewable energy on a large scale. Since our research group invented K–O 2 batteries in 2013, much effort has been devoted to exploring KO 2 chemistry as well as electrode and electrolyte materials . Unlike the Li and Na counterparts, KO 2 is both thermodynamically and kinetically stable, which ensures its long‐term stability as a discharge product and provides unique advantages, although an energy‐density trade‐off is expected (935 Wh kg −1 based on the mass of KO 2 ) .…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the chemical stability of FSI − has not been systematically studied and remains uncertain in conversion‐type (e.g. metal–S and metal–O 2 ) batteries considering the generation of reactive radical intermediates (O 2 .− or S 3 .− ) . Furthermore, the distinct plating and stripping behavior in FSI − and TFSI − ‐based electrolytes has not been rationalized yet.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Stabilization of Potassium Metal and Superoxide in K–O₂ Batteries on the Basis of Electrolyte Reactivity

Xiao

Gourdin

2018

Angew Chem Int Ed

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In superoxide batteries based on O /O redox chemistry, identifying an electrolyte to stabilize both the alkali metal and its superoxide remains challenging owing to their reactivity towards the electrolyte components. Bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI ) has been recognized as a "magic anion" for passivating alkali metals. The KFSI-dimethoxyethane electrolyte passivates the potassium metal anode by cleavage of S-F bonds and the formation of a KF-rich solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). However, the KFSI salt is chemically unstable owing to nucleophilic attack by superoxide and/or hydroxide species. On the other hand, potassium bis(trifluorosulfonyl)imide (KTFSI) is stable to KO , but results in mossy potassium deposits and irreversible plating and stripping. To circumvent this dilemma, we developed an artificial SEI for the metal anode and thus long-cycle-life K-O batteries. This study will guide the development of stable electrolytes and artificial SEIs for metal-O batteries.

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Recent Progress in Rechargeable Potassium Batteries

Hwang

Myung

Sun

2018

Adv Funct Materials

572

371

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The topic of sustainable and eco-friendly energy storage technologies is an issue of global significance. To date, this heavy burden is solely addressed by lithium-ion battery technology. However, the ongoing depletion of limited global lithium resources has restricted their future availability for Li-ion battery technology, and hence, a significant price increase is expected. This grim situation is the driving force for the development of the "beyond Li-ion battery" strategy involving alternatives that have several advantages over conventional Li-ion batteries in terms of cost, durability, safety, and sustainability. Potassium, the closest neighboring alkali element after sodium, offers some unique advantages over lithium and sodium as a charge carrier in rechargeable batteries. Potassium intercalation chemistry in potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) is successfully demonstrated to be compatible with Li-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries. In addition to KIBs, potassium-sulfur and potassium-oxygen batteries have emerged as new energy-storage systems due to their low costs and high specific energy densities. This review covers the key technological developments and scientific challenges for a broad range of rechargeable potassium batteries, while also providing valuable insight into the scientific and practical issues concerning the development of potassium-based rechargeable batteries.in the price of lithium is primarily ascribed to the increased demand for LIB production for use in electric vehicles and energy-storage systems. For this reason, the development of sodium-ion batteries has steadily increased because SIBs and LIBs use a similar intercalation chemistry. One notable feature of an SIB is that the use of graphite, which is common in LIBs, is unfavorable owing to the difficulties associated with the insertion of Na + into the graphite interlayers. Strikingly, K + ions do intercalate into graphene layers; accordingly, graphite is available to be used as a KIB-anode material. One of the merits of a graphite anode is its favorable energy density. It is therefore possible for KIBs to compete commercially with SIBs that use hard carbon as an anode material. However, additional research is required to scale the development of KIBs to that of SIBs, at the very least. To highlight recent KIB progress, several candidate electrode materials, electrolytes, binders, and full cells are described in this review. capacity was reduced (Figure 4c,d). Notably, many voltage plateaus are associated with several phase transitions due to K + / vacancy ordering in the oxide lattice, which progresses via a P3-biphasic-O3-biphasic-X phase by analogy with the O3 phase ( Figure 4e). This phase transition is reversible during discharge to 1.5 V. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provided

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The Long‐Term Stability of KO₂ in K‐O₂ Batteries

Cited by 59 publications

References 28 publications

Alkali‐Oxygen Batteries Based on Reversible Superoxide Chemistry

Alkali‐Oxygen Batteries Based on Reversible Superoxide Chemistry

Simultaneous Stabilization of Potassium Metal and Superoxide in K–O₂ Batteries on the Basis of Electrolyte Reactivity

Recent Progress in Rechargeable Potassium Batteries

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The Long‐Term Stability of KO2 in K‐O2 Batteries

Cited by 59 publications

References 28 publications

Alkali‐Oxygen Batteries Based on Reversible Superoxide Chemistry

Alkali‐Oxygen Batteries Based on Reversible Superoxide Chemistry

Simultaneous Stabilization of Potassium Metal and Superoxide in K–O2 Batteries on the Basis of Electrolyte Reactivity

Recent Progress in Rechargeable Potassium Batteries

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The Long‐Term Stability of KO₂ in K‐O₂ Batteries

Simultaneous Stabilization of Potassium Metal and Superoxide in K–O₂ Batteries on the Basis of Electrolyte Reactivity