The long-term spatio-temporal variability of sea surface temperature in the Northwest Pacific and the Near China Sea

Abstract

Abstract. The variability of the sea surface temperature (SST) in the Northwest Pacific has been studied on seasonal, annual and interannual scales based on the monthly datasets of ERSST 3b (1854–2017, 164 years) and OISST V2 (1988–2017, 30 years). The overall trends, spatial-temporal distribution characteristics, regional differences in seasonal trends, and seasonal differences of SST in the Northwest Pacific have been calculated over the past 164 years based on these datasets. In the past 164 years, the SST in the Northwest Pacific has been increasing linearly year by year with a trend of 0.033 °C/10 yr. The period from 1880 to 1910 is a slow decreasing trend period in the past 164 years and the SST during the 1910–1930 period was a trough of the past 164 years. After 1930, SST has continued to increase until now. The increasing trend in the past 30 years has reached 0.132 °C/10 yr and the increasing trend in the past 10 years is 0.306 °C/10 yr, which is around ten times in the past 164 years. The SST in most regions of the Northwest Pacific showed a linear increasing trend year by year, and the increasing trend in the offshore region was stronger than that in the ocean and deep-sea region. The change trend of the SST in the Northwest Pacific shows a large seasonal difference, and the increasing trend in autumn and winter is larger than that in spring and summer. There are some correlations between the SST and some climate indexes and atmospheric parameters, the correlation between the SST and some atmospheric parameters have been discussed, such as NAO, PDO, SOI anomaly, TCW, Nino 3.4, SLP, Precipitation, T2 and wind speed. The lowest SST in the Near China Sea basically occurred in February and the highest in August. The SST fluctuation in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea (BYS) is the largest with a range from 5 °C to 22 °C, the SST in the East China Sea (ECS) is from 18 °C to 27 °C, the smallest fluctuations occurs in the South China Sea (SCS) maintained at range of 26 °C to 29 °C. There are large differences between the mean and standard deviation in different sea regions.

Demographic, physiological and genetic factors linked to the poleward range expansion of the snail Nerita yoldii along the shoreline of China

“…Snails from each location were randomly allocated into three containers (~50 individuals in each container) and acclimated at 25 ± 0.5°C for 2 months, a period likely to be adequate to remove past thermal history (Duffy et al, 2015). The acclimation temperature was to simulate the annual average seawater temperature (~25.5°C) in the East China Sea and the South China Sea (Wu et al, 2019), covering the sampling areas. Animals were exposed to a tidal cycle with 6 h of emersion and 6 h of immersion.…”