The long term effects of feeding fat to 2‐year‐old Thoroughbreds in training

Pagan, Joe D.; Burger, I. H.; Jackson, Stephen G.

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb04949.x

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The decline in resting and postexercise cortisol on Day 4 of altitude exposure suggests that physiological compensation for hypoxia had occurred and the animals were acclimating to the environment. Insulin concentrations decreased (an average of 75%) with exercise, which is in agreement with a previous study (Pagan et al 1995). Neither resting nor postexercise insulin concentrations changed significantly with altitude exposure.…”

Section: Metabolic Functionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Metabolic and osmoregulatory function at low and high (3800 m) altitude

Cogger

Miltenberger

Koch

et al. 2002

Equine Veterinary Journal

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SummaryAltitude evokes physiological adjustments that include not only respiratory and cardiovascular properties, but also metabolic function, renal and endocrine responses. The purpose of the present study was designed to expand our understanding of the physiological process involved with acclimatisation to high altitude in equids. The study examined temporal effects on metabolic and osmoregulatory function in horses (n = 6) at rest and postexercise at 3800 m. Animals were studied at 225 m (P b = 743 mmHg) and during a 10 day stay at altitude (P b = 487 mmHg). Rest samples were taken 90 min postprandial at 0830 h and immediately after the gallop phase of a standard exercise test. Changes in glucose, insulin, cortisol, thyroxine, sodium, potassium, chloride and total protein were assessed at both altitudes. Exercise stimulated increases in cortisol, thyroxine, potassium, and chloride; while the concentrations of glucose, insulin, sodium and total protein (regardless of altitude) decreased. Acute (Day 2) altitude exposure (following transport stress) produced significant increases in glucose, cortisol, thyroxine, chloride and protein at rest and exercise. All variables (except cortisol) appeared to stabilise by Day 4 of altitude exposure.Observations from these data (coupled with haematological and blood gases data) indicate that equids acutely acclimate within 2-3 days to this altitude.

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Section: Metabolic Functionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Metabolic and osmoregulatory function at low and high (3800 m) altitude

Cogger

Miltenberger

Koch

et al. 2002

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…The blood glucose resting values (5.47 ± 0.15 mmol/l) decreased significantly during exercise (post‐exercise values: 4.84 ±0.21 mmol/l) (Lekeux and Art, ). Regarding the lipid metabolism, the fatty acid concentration in blood is low at the beginning of exercise and then FFA levels increase if exercise persists, due to the slow onset of lipid mobilization (Pagan et al., ; Zierler, ). Eventing horses exhibited increased blood free fatty acid concentrations in all three disciplines as well as increased triglyceride values during cross‐country and show jumping competition (Brunner et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding practice and influence on selected blood parameters in show jumping horses competing inSwitzerland

Brunner

Liesegang

Weiss³

et al. 2014

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional management of show jumping horses in practice with recommendations from the literature. Additionally, the effects of these feeding practices on several blood metabolic parameters before and after exercise were studied. Blood samples were collected in the field from 27 different horses at 71 trials on the level M1 to S2 show jumping competitions in Switzerland and questionnaires on feeding practice of the studied horses were evaluated. The questionnaires revealed that during training and on tournament days horses received on average 3.1 kg of concentrate per day (min. 2.0 kg, max. 6.6 kg) divided into two to three meals. The horses were fed on average 6.9 kg of roughage per day (min. 4.0 kg, max. 13.0 kg). Additionally, it was observed that the horses received the last meal on average 6 h 10 min (min. 1 h 50 min, max. 12 h 30 min) before the start of the first show jumping turn, respectively, 7 h 30 min (min 1 h 50 min, max. 13 h 0 min) before the second turn. Seven horses (35%) had access to hay waiting in the trailer between two turns. The statistical analysis revealed no significant influence of the concentrate feeding time point on lactate, triglyceride and insulin levels, but a significant influence on free fatty acids (FFA) and blood glucose concentrations. Roughage feeding of the show jumping horses 2-4 h prior to exercise revealed the most remarkable changes in blood parameters during the show jumping course. These results received under field conditions should be approved in future under standardized conditions. Conflicts of interest: 12No conflicts of interest exist. 13 Sources of funding:14 There were no external sources of funding.

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“…Concentrates with up to 25% fat were fed with different intentions over a period of at least 3 up to a maximum of 16 months to different horses with regard to age, sex and breed (Davison et al 1989;Greiwe et al 1989;Scott et al 1989;Davison et al 1991;Sallmann et al 1992;Saastamoinen et al 1994;Pagan et al 1995;Hoffman et al 1996;Holland et al 1996;Zeyner et al 1996;Ott and Kivipelto 1998;Harris et al 1999;Zeyner 2002). Biochemically-based long-term monitoring was performed by Pagan et al (1995) and Harris et al (1999) over a total of 7 and 16 months, respectively. Pagan et al (1995) examined 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses fed alternately with high starch or high fat diets with samples taken at 2, 4 and 7 months.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of feeding exercised horses on high‐starch or high‐fat diets for 390 days

Zeyner

Bessert

Gropp

2002

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Our hypothesis was that, because horses have not evolved as fat eaters, there may be negative metabolic long-term effects of feeding a high fat diet. The objective of the present study was to identify these long-term effects and compare them with the effects of isoenergetic long-term high starch feeding. This randomised block study with 20 exercised horses looked at the effect of feeding either a high starch (HS) or a high fat (HF) diet type in 3 periods during stabling (Stable 1), pasture, and stabling (Stable 2) over 390 days. The horses received a HS or HF concentrate, straw, hay and 6 h pasture/day in the pasture period. HF horses gained weight (2% of initial bwt) and, therefore, fat intake was reduced (from 1.43 to 0.88 g/kg bwt/day). Blood plasma glucose, total protein, albumins, gamma-globulins, free fatty acids, phospholipids and cholesterol concentrations were higher but urea concentration was lower with HF compared to HS feeding (P<0.05). Plasma concentrations of triglycerides, bilirubin and pre-beta lipoproteins were unaffected by the diet type. There were period effects (P<0.05) for all variables except triglycerides and pre-beta lipoproteins. In contrast to HS, in HF the quotient alpha/beta lipoproteins rose (P<0.05) throughout the stable periods and decreased (P<0.05) during 'pasture'. Glutamic acid dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activity in sera were within the normal range. In conclusion, on the precondition that substantial bodyweight changes were prevented, no apparent adverse effects of long-term high fat feeding were identified and there were no apparent disadvantages of feeding on high fat compared with high starch diets.

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The long term effects of feeding fat to 2‐year‐old Thoroughbreds in training

Cited by 23 publications

References 4 publications

Metabolic and osmoregulatory function at low and high (3800 m) altitude

Metabolic and osmoregulatory function at low and high (3800 m) altitude

Feeding practice and influence on selected blood parameters in show jumping horses competing inSwitzerland

Effect of feeding exercised horses on high‐starch or high‐fat diets for 390 days

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