The Long-Term Effect of Slavery on Violent Crime: Evidence from US Counties

Gouda, Moamen; Rigterink, Anouk S.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2358389

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 76 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Contemporary social conditions deriving from historic injustices, including subjugation (slavery for African Americans and displacement of Native Americans) [83, 84] and ongoing racial/ethnic discrimination [85–87] contribute to chronic social stress and have been considered in the social epidemiologic literature. Intergenerational poverty [88, 89] and parental modeling of health-related behavior [90] have also been implicated in poor offspring health outcomes and are among the possible pathways through which health disparities are propagated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Programming: Priming Disease Susceptibility for Subsequent Generations

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Racial and/or ethnic minorities carry the highest burden of many adverse health outcomes intergenerationally We propose a paradigm in which developmental programming exacerbates the effects of racial patterning of adverse environmental conditions, thereby contributing to health disparity persistence. Evidence that developmental programming induces a heightened response to adverse exposures (“second hits”) encountered later in life is considered. We evaluated the evidence for the second hit phenomenon reported in animal and human studies from three domains (air, stress, nutrition). Original research including a gestational exposure and a childhood or adulthood second hit exposure was reviewed. Evidence from animal studies suggest that prenatal exposure to air pollutants is associated with an exaggerated reaction to postnatal air pollution exposure, which results in worse health outcomes. It also indicates offspring exposed to prenatal maternal stress produce an exaggerated response to subsequent stressors, including anxiety and hyper-responsiveness of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Similarly, prenatal and postnatal Western-style diets induce synergistic effects on weight gain, metabolic dysfunction, and atherosclerotic risk. Cross-domain second hits (e.g., gestational air pollution followed by childhood stressor) were also considered. Suboptimal gestational environments induce exaggerated offspring responses to subsequent environmental and social exposures. These developmental programming effects may result in enhanced sensitivity of ongoing, racially patterned, adverse exposures in race/ethnic minorities, thereby exacerbating health disparities from one generation to the next. Empirical assessment of the hypothesized role of priming processes in the propagation of health disparities is needed. Future social epidemiology research must explicitly consider synergistic relationships among social environmental conditions to which gestating females are exposed and offspring exposures when assessing causes for persistent health disparities.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Programming: Priming Disease Susceptibility for Subsequent Generations

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…First, is Violent Crime, which is the number of reported violent crimes per 100,000 in 2016 according to the FBI Uniform Crime Statistics. Black people are considerably more likely than white people to fall victim to violent crime, which partially influences their differences in life expectancies (Sharkey & Friedson, 2019), and violent crime rates has also been associated with slavery (Gouda & Rigterink, 2016), which makes it an important variable to account for. Second is Severe Housing Problems, which is a variable from County Health Rankings that measures the percent of households with at least one of the following problems: overcrowding, high housing costs, lack of kitchen facilities, or lack of plumbing facilities.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Education trails economics as a topic among legacy of slavery researchers (Bertocchi & Dimico, 2012, 2014; Reece & O’Connell, 2016). And a number of researchers also examine the connection between slavery and violence and slavery and politics (Acharya et al, 2016; Gouda & Rigterink, 2016; Gunadi, 2019; Price et al, 2008; Vandiver et al, 2007).…”

Section: The Legacy Of Slavery and Subnational Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slave Past, Modern Lives: An Analysis of the Legacy of Slavery and Contemporary Life Expectancy in the American South

Reece

2022

Journal of Black Studies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As questions about racial reparations have entered public and political discourse again, research about the long-term impact of chattel slavery—so called “legacy of slavery” research—has taken on new significance. Over the past two decades researchers have identified direct quantitative links between slavery and a number of contemporary social and economic outcomes, including income, poverty, home ownership, school segregation, crime, educational inequality, and political polarization. Recently, however, researchers have begun to connect slavery to contemporary health outcomes, showing the legacy of slavery seems to stunt the health of black Americans while bolstering the health of white Americans. This manuscript builds on that recent research by examining the connection between subnational variation in the density of slavery and life expectancy in the American South. Using a variety of data sources, such as the US Census, American Community Survey (ACS), the United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation County Health Rankings, and spatially robust OLS regression analysis, I find that in southern counties where slavery was denser black life expectancy remains proportionally lower and white life expectancy remains proportionally higher than in southern counties where slavery was less dense.

show abstract

“…Moreover, an indirect effect may have come from an intergenerational transmission channel: since black women were forced to work intensively under slavery, African Americans developed different cultural norms about women's work, with consequent long-term effects. Another cultural implication of slavery is examined by Gouda (2013), who shows that the slave share in 1860 is correlated with contemporary violent crime, suggesting that the culture of violence that developed under slavery still exerts a lasting effect.…”

Section: The Usamentioning

confidence: 99%

The legacies of slavery in and out of Africa

Bertocchi

2016

IZA J Migration

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The slave trades out of Africa represent one of the most significant forced migration experiences in history. In this paper, I illustrate their long-term consequences on contemporaneous socio-economic outcomes, drawing from my own previous work on the topic and from an extensive review of the available literature. I first consider the influence of the slave trade on the "sending" countries in Africa, with attention to their economic, institutional, demographic, and social implications. Next, I evaluate the consequences of the slave trade on the "receiving" countries in the Americas. Here, I distinguish between the case of Latin America and that of the USA. Overall, I show that the slave trades exert a lasting impact along several contemporaneous socio-economic dimensions and across diverse areas of the world.

show abstract

The Long-Term Effect of Slavery on Violent Crime: Evidence from US Counties

Cited by 24 publications

References 76 publications

Developmental Programming: Priming Disease Susceptibility for Subsequent Generations

Developmental Programming: Priming Disease Susceptibility for Subsequent Generations

Slave Past, Modern Lives: An Analysis of the Legacy of Slavery and Contemporary Life Expectancy in the American South

The legacies of slavery in and out of Africa

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About