The Long-Term Distributional and Welfare Effects of Covid-19 School Closures

Fuchs‐Schündeln, Nicola; Krueger, Dirk; Ludwig, Alexander; Popova, Irina

doi:10.3386/w27773

Cited by 52 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“… 1 Simulation modeling raises concerns that school closures may catalyze negative child health and economic outcomes across the lifespan. 16 , 17 Obtaining reliable data about the extent to which different instructional modalities are associated with key youth outcomes is critical for informing such models. This can help guide decision-making at a local and national level as the current pandemic progresses and during future pandemics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association Between School Closures and Child Mental Health During COVID-19

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IMPORTANCE In-person schooling has been disrupted for most school-aged youth during the COVID-19 pandemic, with low-income, Black, and Hispanic populations most likely to receive fully remote instruction. Disruptions to in-person schooling may have negatively and inequitably affected children's mental health. OBJECTIVE To estimate the association between school closures and child mental health outcomes and how it varies across sociodemographic factors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional population-based survey study included a nationally representative sample of US adults aged 18 to 64 years with at least 1 child in the household. The survey was administered between December 2 and December 21, 2020, via web and telephone in English and Spanish. Participants were recruited from the NORC AmeriSpeak panel, an address-based panel with known probability sampling and coverage of 97% of US households. EXPOSURES Schooling modality (in person, fully remote, or hybrid), household income, age. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Child mental health difficulties were measured with the parent-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, with small, medium, and large effect sizes defined as 1.3-, 3.3-, and 5.2-point differences, respectively. RESULTS A total of 2324 adults completed the survey. Overall, 1671 respondents (71.9%) were women, 244 (10.5%) were Black, 372 (16.0%) were Hispanic, and 421 (18.1%) had a high school education or less. Children attending school in-person had higher household incomes

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association Between School Closures and Child Mental Health During COVID-19

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Only time will tell whether students rebound, remain stable, or fall farther behind. Dynamic models of learning stress how small losses can accumulate into large disadvantages with time ( 56 – 58 ). Studies of school days lost due to other causes are mixed—some find durable effects and spillovers to adult earnings ( 59 , 60 ), while others report a fadeout of effects over time ( 61 , 62 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning loss due to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic

Engzell

Frey

Verhagen

2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,024

593

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Suspension of face-to-face instruction in schools during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to concerns about consequences for students’ learning. So far, data to study this question have been limited. Here we evaluate the effect of school closures on primary school performance using exceptionally rich data from The Netherlands (n ≈ 350,000). We use the fact that national examinations took place before and after lockdown and compare progress during this period to the same period in the 3 previous years. The Netherlands underwent only a relatively short lockdown (8 wk) and features an equitable system of school funding and the world’s highest rate of broadband access. Still, our results reveal a learning loss of about 3 percentile points or 0.08 standard deviations. The effect is equivalent to one-fifth of a school year, the same period that schools remained closed. Losses are up to 60% larger among students from less-educated homes, confirming worries about the uneven toll of the pandemic on children and families. Investigating mechanisms, we find that most of the effect reflects the cumulative impact of knowledge learned rather than transitory influences on the day of testing. Results remain robust when balancing on the estimated propensity of treatment and using maximum-entropy weights or with fixed-effects specifications that compare students within the same school and family. The findings imply that students made little or no progress while learning from home and suggest losses even larger in countries with weaker infrastructure or longer school closures.

show abstract

“…While detailed cost-benefit analyses are scarcely available yet, some studies aim to tackle this issue for selected measures. Fuchs-Schündeln, Kuhn and Tertilt (2020) find strong labor market effects in the wake of school and child-care center closures. They estimate that 8.4 percent of total working hours will be lost, corresponding to 11.7 million employed persons in short-time-work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Covid-19 containment effects of public health measures - A spatial difference-in-differences approach

Kosfeld

Mitze

Rode

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since mid-March 2020 the Federal and state governments in Germany agreed on comprehensive public health measures to contain the spread of Covid-19. We study the effects of the policy actions on the progression of the pandemic in the first containment period in spring 2020 before easing of measures have started to work by the end of April. To exploit both the time and spatial dimension in the dissemination of the virus, we conduct a spatial data panel analysis for German NUTS-3 regions. Specifically, we employ a spatial difference-in-differences approach to identify the effects of individual public health measures. We find that contact restrictions and closure of schools substantially contributed to flattening the infection curve. Additionally, a strong treatment effect of wearing face masks is established in the few treated regions during the containment phase. No incremental effect is evidenced for closure of establishments and shutdown of shopping malls and other stores. These findings prove to be highly robust to changes in model specification. By contrast, the dampening effect of restaurant closure is sensitive to model variation.

show abstract

The Long-Term Distributional and Welfare Effects of Covid-19 School Closures

Cited by 52 publications

References 16 publications

The Association Between School Closures and Child Mental Health During COVID-19

The Association Between School Closures and Child Mental Health During COVID-19

Learning loss due to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic

The Covid-19 containment effects of public health measures - A spatial difference-in-differences approach

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About