The article focuses on the identification of valuable landscape structures in a typical Central European hilly landscape (Kyjovská pahorkatina hilly land) with traces of traditional land use management, and on the assessment of their importance from the perspective of soil protection, nature conservation and landscape character. We used old topographic maps, cadastral maps and aerial photos, covering period 1830s-2010s. Arable land dominated throughout the whole research period. Area of permanent grassland dropped from 17 % to 1 % (in 1991), reflecting the most significant changes in the researched regiondisappearance of grassland along water courses, pastures as well as a mosaic of small agricultural holdings, representing traditional agricultural landscapes with small vineyards, orchards and arable fields. However, in some places these traditional agricultural landscapes have been preserved up to date. On the other hand, patches with continuous grassland are very rare and are often preserved only in protected areas. The highest potential for restoration can be seen for permanent grassland and water areas.