The long-term course of treated alcoholism: II. Predictors and correlates of 10-year functioning and mortality.

Finney, John W.; Moos, Rudolf H.

doi:10.15288/jsa.1992.53.142

Cited by 102 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…Only the more severe Bpersistentĥ omelessness was a significant predictor. Our findings also confirm that suicide attempts, [42][43][44] chronic medical illness 13,22,23 and alcohol as drug of choice 22,45,46 are predictors of mortality in substance-dependent individuals. In this study, neither mental illness nor health literacy was associated with mortality.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…[9][10][11] Similarly, older age is also associated with mortality in this population. 10,12,13 But in younger persons, there may also be high risk of death, particularly among blacks and urban residents. 9,14 Finally, racial and ethnic minorities with substance dependence are at higher risk of death than majority populations with these illnesses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 As might be expected, numerous studies have identified medical illness as a predictor of death in people with substance dependence. 13,22,23 HIV, chronic liver disease, cardiovascular, infectious, digestive, respiratory, endocrine, metabolic, and hematological disorders contribute to these deaths. 19,23 A better understanding of predictors of death among substance-dependent persons may provide information that could help decrease the risk of mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk of Mortality during Four Years after Substance Detoxification in Urban Adults

Saitz

Gaeta²,

Cheng³

et al. 2007

J Urban Health

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The objective of this analysis was to assess the mortality rate and risk factors in adults, with substance dependence, who are not receiving primary medical care (PC). Date and cause of death were identified using the National Death Index data and death certificates for 470 adults without PC over a period of almost 4 years after detailed clinical assessment after detoxification. Factors associated with risk of mortality were determined using stepwise Cox proportional hazards models. Subjects were 76% male, 47% homeless, and 47% with chronic medical illness; 40% reported alcohol, 27% heroin, and 33% cocaine as substance of choice. Median age was 35. During a period of up to 4 years, 27 (6%) subjects died. Median age at death was 39. Causes included: poisoning by any substance (40.9% of deaths), trauma (13%), cardiovascular disease (13.6%), and exposure to cold (9.1%). The age adjusted mortality rate was 4.4 times that of the general population in the same city. Among these individuals without PC in a detoxification unit, risk factors associated with death were the following: drug of choice [heroin: hazard ratio (HR) 6.9 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6-31.1]; alcohol: HR 3.7 (95% CI 0.79-16.9) compared to cocaine); past suicide attempt (HR 2.1, 95% CI 0.96-4.5); persistent homelessness (HR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1-5.3); and history of any chronic medical illness (HR 2.1, 95% CI 0.93-4.7). Receipt of primary care was not significantly associated with death (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.34-2.1). Risk of mortality is high in patients with addictions and risk factors identifiable when these patients seek help from the health care system (i.e., for detoxification) may help identify those at highest risk for whom interventions could be targeted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk of Mortality during Four Years after Substance Detoxification in Urban Adults

Saitz

Gaeta²,

Cheng³

et al. 2007

J Urban Health

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“…With regard to the background variables, our results confirm those obtained in other studies (Finney & Moos, 1992;Glenn & Parsons, 1991). The relationship between these variables and abstinence is weak, when not nonexistent, and, since little can be done to modify these variables, the studies do not offer relevant information about treatment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Control perception and coping behavior in abstinence in alcoholics / Percepción de control y comportamiento de adaptación en la abstinencia en alcohólicos

Vielva

Iraurgi

2003

HAAJ

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SThe aim of the study is to determine which factors are associated with abstinence in alcoholics. Observational and cross-sectional studies were carried out to study the relationships between causal attributions, selfefficacy and locus of control expectancies, and coping behavior in the problem of alcohol abuse, on the one hand, and abstinence, on the other. Chronicity and background variables are also analyzed. Participants w e re 201 alcoholics in outpatient treatment. Correlation analysis revealed close relationship among the psychological variables, as well as between these variables and abstinence: longer periods of abstinence were associated with more positive causal attributions, higher self-efficacy, internal locus of control, and more active coping behavior. A hierarchical regression analysis was also performed, showing that certain attributions, self-efficacy, and locus of control accounted for abstinence, but coping did not. Background did not reveal any association, but attending treatment and self-help groups, such as Alcoholics Anonymous, did. Because of their relationship, it is suggested that cognitive variables should be enhanced in treatment.Key-words: Attributions, Self-efficacy, Locus of control, Coping, Abstinence, Alcoholism.Note: In memoriam to Isabel Vielva, the first author. Today is not with us, but her work and friendship will last always. Salud y drogas • Vol.2 • Nº 1 • 2002 29 RESUMENEl objetivo del estudio es encontrar factores asociados a la abstinencia. Para ello, se ha realizado un estudio observacional, transversal en el que se analiza la relación entre las atribuciones causales, las expectativas de autoeficacia y de lugar de control y la conducta de afrontamiento ante el problema de alcoholismo, por un lado, y la abstinencia, por otro, en una muestra de 201 alcohólicos en tratamiento ambulatorio. Se analizan también variables sociodemográficas y de cronicidad. Los análisis de correlación revelan una relación estrecha entre las variables psicológicas entre si y con la abstinencia: cuanto mayor es el tiempo de abstinencia, más positivas son las atribuciones causales, mayor es la autoeficacia, mayor es el lugar de control interno y más activo es el afrontamiento. Posteriormente se llevó a cabo un análisis de regresión múltiple, que mostró que algunas atribuciones, la autoeficacia y el lugar de control explicaban por si solas la abstinencia, no así el afrontamiento. Las variables sociodemográficas no resultaron tener una asociación significativa, pero sí la asistencia al tratamiento y a grupos de autoayuda. Debido a las implicaciones que tienen estas variables en el curso y pronóstico de la dependencia, se sugiere que se tengan en cuenta las variables cognitivas en el tratamiento del alcoholismo.

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“…The scant literature on changes in consumption related to course of AUD is unfortunate, because decreases in consumption corresponding to recovery from AUD have been related to improved quality of life in treatment samples (Finney and Moos, 1992;Kraemer et al, 2002), and increased consumption levels have been correlated with increased risks of psychological, physical, social, and legal harm in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies (Dawson et al, 2008;Murray et al, 2002;Perreira and Sloan, 2002;Pletcher et al, 2005). Thus consumption changes associated with onset and offset of AUD are of considerable public health importance.…”

Section: Three-year Changes In Adult Risk Drinking Behavior Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Year Changes in Adult Risk Drinking Behavior in Relation to the Course of Alcohol-Use Disorders

Dawson

Stinson

Chou

et al. 2008

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: This study examines the associations between the course of alcohol-use disorder (AUD) and changes in average daily volume of ethanol intake, frequency of risk drinking, and maximum quantity of drinks consumed per day over a 3-year follow-up interval in a sample of U.S. adults. Method: Data were taken from a longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults, who were 18 years of age and older (mean age = 46.4) when initially interviewed in 2001-2002 and successfully reinterviewed approximately 3 years later (n = 22,245 baseline drinkers). The time reference period for the drinking measures was the 12 months preceding the interview. Changes in consumption refl ect differences between Wave 1 and Wave 2 measures for individuals with nonmissing values at both Waves (n = 22,003 for volume of intake, 22,132 for frequency of risk drinking and 21,942 for maximum quantity of drinks). Results: There were positive changes in all consumption measures associated with developing an AUD and negative changes associated with remission of an AUD, even among individuals who continued to drink. Increases and decreases associated with onset and offset of dependence exceeded those associated with onset/offset of abuse only, and the decreases associated with full remission from dependence exceeded those associated with partial remission. There were few changes in consumption among individuals whose AUD status did not change. Interactions of AUD transitions with other factors indicate that development of an AUD is associated with a greater increase in consumption among men, possibly refl ecting their greater total body water and lower blood alcohol concentration in response to a given dose of ethanol, and among individuals with high baseline levels of consumption. Conclusions: Changes in consumption associated with onset and offset of AUD are substantial enough to have important implications for the risk of associated physical and psychological harm. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs 69: [866][867][868][869][870][871][872][873][874][875][876][877] 2008)

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The long-term course of treated alcoholism: II. Predictors and correlates of 10-year functioning and mortality.

Cited by 102 publications

References 0 publications

Risk of Mortality during Four Years after Substance Detoxification in Urban Adults

Risk of Mortality during Four Years after Substance Detoxification in Urban Adults

Control perception and coping behavior in abstinence in alcoholics / Percepción de control y comportamiento de adaptación en la abstinencia en alcohólicos

Three-Year Changes in Adult Risk Drinking Behavior in Relation to the Course of Alcohol-Use Disorders

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