The long road home from distraction: Investigating the time-course of distraction recovery in driving

Bowden, Vanessa; Loft, Shayne; Wilson, Michael David; Howard, James S.; Visser, Troy A. W.

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2018.12.012

Cited by 34 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Recently, Bowden et al (2019) extended this work in a driving simulator by obtaining DRT measures when participants performed a concurrent driving task with a cognitive component, a cognitive and visual component, or a cognitive, visual, and manual component. In each case, DRT performance was significantly impaired following the secondary task with the initial DRT costs in the postsecondary task interval systematically increasing with the added complexity of the secondary task.…”

Section: Persistent Interference From Multitaskingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly. THE PERSISTENCE OF DISTRACTION also Bowden et al, 2019), to driving an automobile on residential streets document the long-lasting costs of intermittent multitasking (see also Jenness et al, 2015). Moreover, these costs were obtained with a standardized backwards counting task and, as shown by , with secondary tasks involving the selection of music, placing a phone call, or using voice commands to send a text message while driving a motor vehicle.…”

Section: The Persistence Of Distractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is, a more benign interpretation of the residual costs-reacquiring situation awareness that was lost while multitasking-does not appear to be supported by these data. It is also noteworthy that these impairments are cognitive in nature because there was no visual information for participants to look at while performing the secondary counting tasks (but see Bowden et al, 2019).…”

Section: The Persistence Of Distractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A slow decrease in response thresholds has also been documented in other contexts (e.g., Strayer & Kramer, 1994) and is consistent with the proactive interference interpretation. Finally, given that residual costs have been observed in primary-task measures such as lane keeping and driving speed (e.g., Bowden et al, 2019;Jenness et al, 2015), secondary-task DRT measures (see also Bowden et al, 2019; and physiological measures (e.g., pupil diameter), it is likely that motorists on the roadway are impaired after completing a multitasking episode. For example, one potential consequence of the residual multitasking costs may occur at intersections controlled by traffic lights.…”

Section: The Persistence Of Distractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The persistence of distraction: The hidden costs of intermittent multitasking.

Strayer¹,

Castro²,

Turrill³

et al. 2022

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

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We examined the hidden costs of intermittent multitasking. Participants performed a pursuit-tracking task (Experiment 1) or drove in a high-fidelity driving simulator (Experiment 2) by itself or while concurrently performing an easy or difficult backwards counting task that periodically started and stopped, creating ontask and off-task multitasking epochs. A novel application of the Detection Response Task (DRT), a standardized protocol for measuring cognitive workload (ISO 17488, 2016), was used to measure performance in the on-task and off-task intervals. We found striking costs that persisted well after the counting task had stopped. In fact, the multitasking costs dissipated as a negatively accelerated function of time with the largest costs observed immediately after multitasking ceased. Performance in the off-task interval remained above baseline levels throughout the 30-s off-task interval. We suggest that loading new procedures into working memory occurs fairly quickly, whereas purging this information from working memory takes considerably longer. Public Significance StatementDriver distraction caused by performing an unrelated secondary task is a significant cause of motor vehicle crashes on the roadway. This research documents that the effects of multitasking last well after secondary-task interactions have finished.

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Section: Persistent Interference From Multitaskingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Persistence Of Distractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Persistence Of Distractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Persistence Of Distractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The persistence of distraction: The hidden costs of intermittent multitasking.

Strayer¹,

Castro²,

Turrill³

et al. 2022

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

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“…Our approach may thus prove useful for measuring the disruptive effects of distractions and interruptions 6 on attention and performance (Altmann, Trafton, & Hambrick, 2014;Monk, Boehm-Davis, Mason, & Trafton, 2004;Trafton & Monk, 2007;Wilson, Farrell, Visser, & Loft, 2018). Distractions (i.e., when attention is partially diverted from the primary task; Graydon & Eysenck, 1989) and interruptions (i.e., when attention is entirely diverted from the primary task; Gillie & Broadbent, 1989) have been linked to negative outcomes in safety-critical contexts including aviation (Dismukes, Young, Sumwalt III, & Null, 1998;Loukopoulos, Dismukes, & Barshi, 2001, 2003, driving (Bowden, Loft, Wilson, Howard, & Visser, 2019;Ratcliff & Strayer, 2014;Strayer et al, 2015), and medicine (Coiera & Tombs, 1998;Tucker & Spear, 2006). For example, a ringing mobile phone can draw cognitive focus away from the road scene, leading to slower braking times and more severe lane deviations (Ratcliff & Strayer, 2014;Waard & Brookhuis, 1997) (see Averty, Collet, Dittmar, Athènes, & Vernet-Maury, 2004;Metzger & Parasuraman, 2001; for examples from air traffic control).…”

Section: General Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic attention and decision control support prospective memory in a complex dual-task environment

et al. 2019

Self Cite

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Human performance in complex multiple-task environments depends critically on the interplay between cognitive control and cognitive capacity. In this paper we propose a tractable computational model of how cognitive control and capacity influence the speed and accuracy of decisions made in the event-based prospective memory (PM) paradigm, and in doing so test a new quantitative formulation that measures two distinct components of cognitive capacity (gain and focus) that apply generally to choices among two or more options. Consistent with prior work, individuals used proactive control (increased ongoing task thresholds under PM load) and reactive control (inhibited ongoing task accumulation rates to PM items) to support PM performance. Individuals used cognitive gain to increase the amount of resources allocated to the ongoing task under time pressure and PM load. However, when demands exceeded the capacity limit, resources were reallocated (shared) between ongoing task and PM processes. Extending previous work, individuals used cognitive focus to control the quality of processing for the ongoing and PM tasks based on the particular demand and payoff structure of the environment (e.g., higher focus for higher priority tasks; lower focus under high time pressure and with PM load). Our model provides the first detailed quantitative understanding of cognitive gain and focus as they apply to evidence accumulation models, which-along with cognitive control mechanisms-support decision-making in complex multiple-task environments.

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Does multitasking change how we think? The impact of specialized depletion from concurrent task performance on subsequent behavior

Rubin

Hildebrand

Malloy‐Diniz

2022

Psychology and Marketing

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Despite the ubiquity of multitasking, prior research has ignored potential carryover effects of concurrent task performance on the way individuals interpret subsequent consumption behaviors and decisions. This study evinces that extensive use of updating, an executive function central to multitasking and necessary for construing actions abstractly, reduces the likelihood that it will be used on subsequent tasks. Accordingly, the results of three studies show that extensive employment of updating (via multitasking) reduces an individual's propensity to construe behaviors (consumption or otherwise) in abstract (vs. concrete) terms, influencing consumer choices. Specifically, we show that individuals are less likely to choose healthy food items (i.e., those consistent with long‐term health goals) and favor feasibility over desirability following episodes of multitasking. Further, we rule out general cognitive depletion and mood as alternative explanations for such carryover effects.

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The long road home from distraction: Investigating the time-course of distraction recovery in driving

Cited by 34 publications

References 34 publications

The persistence of distraction: The hidden costs of intermittent multitasking.

The persistence of distraction: The hidden costs of intermittent multitasking.

Strategic attention and decision control support prospective memory in a complex dual-task environment

Does multitasking change how we think? The impact of specialized depletion from concurrent task performance on subsequent behavior

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