“…Some of these studies were performed in lone AF patients [ 179 , 180 , 181 ], whereas in others valvular heart disease [ 177 ] or rheumatic valve disease [ 178 , 180 , 182 ] was also concurring. In most cases, either right or left atrial appendages were analysed [ 175 , 176 , 177 , 178 , 179 , 180 ], but in some cases right and left atrial samples were pooled together [ 179 , 180 , 181 ], while in other blood samples [ 180 , 183 ] or epicardial adipose tissue [ 184 , 185 ] were analysed. Given the wide variability of biological conditions studied, it is then not surprising that comparative analyses of these lncRNA transcriptomic analyses revealed no common AF signature [ 186 ].…”