For coprime positive integers q and e, let m(q,e) denote the least positive integer t such that there exists a sum of t powers of q which is divisible by e. We prove that m(q,e)≤⌈e/ord e (q)⌉ where ord e (q) denotes the (multiplicative) order of q modulo e. We apply this in order to classify, for any positive integer r, the cases where m(q,e)≥ e r and e>r 4 −2r 2 . In particular, we determine all pairs (q,e) such that m(q,e)≥ e 6 . We also investigate in more detail the case where e is a prime power.