The locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system and sensory signal processing: A historical review and current perspectives

Waterhouse, Barry D.; Navarra, Rachel

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2018.08.032

Cited by 76 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…On the contrary, we observed a slower accumulation rate in the ATX condition compared to the saline condition in the pure runs. This finding is in line with an increasing number of studies showing that NE influences bottom-up processes, even at very early-stages of sensory signal processing improving the signal-noise ratio in sensory cortex in response to incoming stimuli, to shape the behavior according to the environment (see Navarra and Waterhouse 2018;Waterhouse and Navarra 2018). For example, it has been shown that following a systemic injection of ATX, neuronal responses to light stimuli was enhanced in dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (i.e.…”

Section: Atx-boosting Effect On Spatial Orienting Reflects Changes Onsupporting

confidence: 81%

Norepinephrine improves attentional orienting in a predictive context

Reynaud¹,

Froesel²,

Guedj³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The role of norepinephrine (NE) in visuo-spatial attention remains poorly understood.Our goal was to identify the attentional processes under the influence of NE and to characterize these influences. We tested the effects of atomoxetine injections (ATX), a NEreuptake inhibitor that boosts the level of NE in the brain, on seven monkeys performing a saccadic cued task in which cues and distractors were used to manipulate spatial attention. We found that when the cue accurately predicted the location of the upcoming cue in 80% of the trials, ATX consistently improved attentional orienting, as measured from reaction times (RTs). These effects were best accounted for by a faster accumulation rate in the valid trials, rather than by a change in the decision threshold. By contrast, the effect of ATX on alerting and distractor interference was more mitigated. Finally, we also found that, under ATX, RTs to non-cued targets were longer when these were presented separately from cued targets. This suggests that the impact of NE on visuo-spatial attention depends on the context, such that the adaptive changes elicited by the highly informative value of the cues in the most frequent trials were accompanied by a cost in the less frequent trials.

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Section: Atx-boosting Effect On Spatial Orienting Reflects Changes Onsupporting

confidence: 81%

Norepinephrine improves attentional orienting in a predictive context

Reynaud¹,

Froesel²,

Guedj³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…The locus coeruleus serves as the brain's hub region for integrating signals about arousal (Mather, in press-b) and is believed to play a key role in modulating how focused attentional processes are on motivationally-relevant stimuli Mather et al, 2016;Nieuwenhuis, Gilzenrat, Holmes, & Cohen, 2005;Unsworth & Robison, 2017;Waterhouse & Navarra, 2019). Theoretical models propose that attentional selectivity for salient or high priority stimuli is particularly robust under conditions of increased phasic LC activity (e.g., Mather et al, 2016), which primarily emerge when tonic levels of LC activity are reduced .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isometric exercise facilitates attention to salient events in women via the noradrenergic system

Mather

Huang

Clewett

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The locus coeruleus (LC) plays a critical role in regulating attention via the release of norepinephrine (NE), with levels of tonic LC activity constraining the intensity of phasic LC responses. However, the effects of manipulating tonic LC-NE activity on phasic activity have yet to be demonstrated in humans. In the current fMRI study, we used isometric handgrip to modulate tonic LC-NE activity in the time period immediately afterwards. During this posthandgrip time, an oddball detection task was used to probe how changes in tonic arousal influenced functional coordination between the LC and a right frontoparietal network that supports attentional selectivity. As expected, the frontoparietal network responded more to infrequent target and novel sounds than to frequent sounds. Across participants, greater LCfrontoparietal functional connectivity, pupil dilation, and faster oddball detection were all positively associated with LC MRI contrast from a neuromelanin-sensitive structural scan. Thus, LC structural integrity was related to LC functional dynamics and attentional performance during the oddball task. We also found that handgrip led to larger phasic pupil responses to oddball sounds, faster oddball detection speed, and greater frontoparietal network activation, suggesting that something that induces strong LC activity benefits attentional performance for at least the next few minutes. In addition, older women showed a similar benefit of handgrip on frontoparietal network activation as younger women, despite showing lower frontoparietal network activation overall. Together these findings suggest that a simple exercise may improve selective attention in healthy aging, at least for several minutes afterwards. Highlights• We examined how handgrip affects arousal-attention dynamics during an oddball task • Salient stimuli enhanced pupil dilation and were detected faster post-handgrip • A decrease in tonic pupil size after handgrip suggests norepinephrine depletion • MRI-assessed LC integrity was related to oddball detection and pupil dilation • LC integrity also associated with LC-frontoparietal network functional connectivity

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“…Noradrenaline acts on three main G-protein coupled receptors, known as β-, α-1, and α-2 adrenoceptors ( Figure 1C). These receptors have complex effects on neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission, depending on their site of action and concentration of NA (Berridge and Waterhouse, 2003;Arnsten et al, 2012;Waterhouse and Navarra, 2019). β-adrenoceptors are coupled to G s which enhances cAMP signaling while α 2 -adrenoceptors are coupled with G i which suppresses adenylyl cyclase and reduces cAMP.…”

Section: Volume Transmission Receptor Signalling and Transporter Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most prominent effect of the NA is the modulation of synaptic transmission and various forms of plasticity (Harley, 1987;Mouradian et al, 1991;Sara, 2009), which are analogous to those of DA (Seamans and Yang, 2004;Tritsch and Sabatini, 2012;Froemke, 2015). In various sensory systems, both dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems were effective in remodeling the tuning properties of the cortical neurons (Bao et al, 2001;Manunta and Edeline, 2004;Edeline et al, 2011;Martins and Froemke, 2015;McBurney-Lin et al, 2019;Waterhouse and Navarra, 2019). Notably, both systems also contribute to the maintenance and transitions of global brain states, wakefulness, arousal, attention, and memory consolidation (Berridge, 2008;Carter et al, 2010;Lee and Dan, 2012;Eban-Rothschild et al, 2016;Fazlali et al, 2016;Sara, 2017;Schicknick et al, 2019).…”

Section: Physiological Role Dopamine Noradrenalinementioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine and Noradrenaline in the Brain; Overlapping or Dissociate Functions?

Ranjbar-Slamloo

Fazlali

2020

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

150

101

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Dopamine and noradrenaline are crucial neuromodulators controlling brain states, vigilance, action, reward, learning, and memory processes. Ventral tegmental area (VTA) and Locus Coeruleus (LC) are canonically described as the main sources of dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) with dissociate functions. A comparison of diverse studies shows that these neuromodulators largely overlap in multiple domains such as shared biosynthetic pathway and co-release from the LC terminals, convergent innervations, non-specificity of receptors and transporters, and shared intracellular signaling pathways. DA-NA interactions are mainly studied in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, yet it can be extended to the whole brain given the diversity of catecholamine innervations. LC can simultaneously broadcast both dopamine and noradrenaline across the brain. Here, we briefly review the molecular, cellular, and physiological overlaps between DA and NA systems and point to their functional implications. We suggest that DA and NA may function in parallel to facilitate learning and maintain the states required for normal cognitive processes. Various signaling modules of NA and DA have been targeted for developing of therapeutics. Understanding overlaps of the two systems is crucial for more effective interventions in a range of neuropsychiatric conditions.

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The locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system and sensory signal processing: A historical review and current perspectives

Cited by 76 publications

References 164 publications

Norepinephrine improves attentional orienting in a predictive context

Norepinephrine improves attentional orienting in a predictive context

Isometric exercise facilitates attention to salient events in women via the noradrenergic system

Dopamine and Noradrenaline in the Brain; Overlapping or Dissociate Functions?

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